知识点1化学实验基本方法.docx

1、知识点1化学实验基本方法知识点一：化学实验基本方法 07、7、18班级：_姓名：_【高考考点】了解有关化学实验安全的常识；学会过滤、蒸发、蒸馏、萃取等分离混合物的方法；掌握SO42检验的原理和方法。【默写内容】1、化学实验安全应注意以下问题：遵守_；了解_掌握_。2、常见的混合物的分离和提纯的方法有_。3、SO42检验的原理：在溶液中解离时_，生成_。课本中的有关的化学方程式：_。4、利用_，用蒸馏的方法除去_。5、利用_，用_，这种方法叫做萃取。常用的仪器是_。用右手_，左手_。待液体分层后，先将_，再将_。6、一些物质的溶解性：OH-Cl-SO42-CO32-Na+Ca2+Ba2+Mg2+

2、【课堂练习】1、下列叙述正确的是（ ）A 用燃着的酒精灯去点燃另一只酒精灯 B 用嘴吹灭酒精灯C 万一酒精洒在桌上燃烧起来可以用水扑灭 D 给酒精灯加酒精时应用普通漏斗2、关于过滤的实验操作说法不正确的是（ ）A 玻璃棒的作用是引流 B 漏斗的下端应该靠在烧杯的内壁C 过滤前应该先溶解、蒸发 D 过滤的作用是把不溶的固体和液体分离3、关于蒸发的实验操作说法不正确的是（ ）A 蒸发时，要等到蒸发皿中的水份全部蒸发完为至B 蒸发过程中玻璃棒的作用是搅拌，加速蒸发，防止液体飞溅C 蒸发皿中液体不能超过总体积的2/3D 蒸发完毕，蒸发皿中的固体应放置一段时间冷却后再用玻璃棒转移出来4、关于蒸馏的实验操

3、作说法正确的是（ ）A 蒸馏的原理是利用混合物中各组分的沸点不同除去难挥发或不挥发的杂质B 蒸馏过程中冷凝水是从冷凝管的上口进，下口出C 蒸馏过程中温度计应该插入液体以下部位D 蒸馏烧瓶可以用酒精灯直接加热5、下列混合物的分离和提纯方法中，主要是从溶解性的角度考虑的是（ ）A 蒸发 B 蒸馏 C 过滤 D 萃取6、下列仪器常用于物质分离的是（ ）漏斗 试管 蒸馏烧瓶 天平 分液漏斗 研钵A B C D 【课外练习】1、下列实验仪器不宜直接用来加热的是（ ）A 试管 B 坩埚 C 蒸发皿 D 烧杯2、下列实验基本操作中，主要是出于实验安全考虑的是 （ ）A 实验剩余的药品不能放回原试剂瓶 B 可

4、燃性气体的验纯C 气体实验装置在实验前进行气密性检查D 滴管不能交叉使用3、下列实验操作中错误的是 （ ）A 用规格为10ml的量筒量取6ml的液体B 用钥匙或者纸槽把粉末状药品送入试管的底部C 过滤是玻璃棒的末端应轻轻靠在三层的滤纸上D 如果没有试管夹，可以临时手持试管给固体或液体加热4、下列实验操作中叙述正确的是 （ ）A 萃取操作必须在分液漏斗中进行 B 振荡试管中液体时，手拿住事管，用手腕甩动C 用剩的药品应收集起来放回原试剂瓶中 D 称量物品时先取小砝码，再依次取较大的砝码5若在试管中加入2-3mL液体再加热，正确的操作顺序是 （ ）点燃酒精灯进行加热； 在试管中加入2-3mL液体；

5、用试管夹夹持在试管的中上部； 将试剂瓶的瓶盖盖好，放在原处。A B C D6在盛放浓硫酸的试剂瓶的标签上应印有下列警示标记中的 （ ）7现有三组溶液：汽油和氯化钠溶液 39的乙醇溶液 氯化钠和单质溴的水溶液，分离以上各混合液的正确方法依次是 （ ） A分液、萃取、蒸馏 B萃取、蒸馏、分液C分液、蒸馏、萃取 D蒸馏、萃取、分液8下列实验操作中错误的是 （ ） A蒸发操作时，应使混合物中的水分完全蒸干后，才能停止加热B蒸馏操作时，应使温度计水银球靠近蒸馏烧瓶的支管口处C分液操作时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出，上层液体从上口倒出D萃取操作时，应选择有机萃取剂，且萃取剂的密度必须比水大9某同学用托盘

6、天平称量锌粒24.4g（1g以下用游码），他把锌粒放在右盘，砝码放在左盘，当天平平衡时，所称取的锌粒的实际质量应是（）A24.4gB25.5gC23.6gD24g10下列化学实验操作或事故处理方法正确的是（）A不慎将酸溅到眼中，应立即用水冲洗，边洗边眨眼睛B不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上，要立即用大量水冲洗，然后涂上硼酸C酒精灯着火时可用水扑灭D配制硫酸溶液时，可先在量筒中加入一定体积的水，再在搅拌条件下慢慢加入浓硫酸11实验室进行NaCl溶液蒸发时，一般有以下操作过程：放置酒精灯固定铁圈的位置放上蒸发皿加热搅拌停止加热、余热蒸干 其中正确的操作顺序是（）AB C D12用pH试纸测定某一溶液的pH

7、时，规范的操作是（）A将pH试纸放入溶液中观察其颜色变化，跟标准比色卡比较B将溶液倒在pH试纸上，跟标准比色卡比较C用干燥洁净的玻璃棒蘸取溶液，滴在pH试纸上，跟标准比色卡比较D在试管内放少量溶液，煮沸，把pH试纸放在管口，观察颜色，跟标准比色卡比较赠送以下资料英语万能作文(模板型）Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。As to whether it

8、is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview dur

9、ing job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。In the process of modern urban development, we

10、often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more pr

11、oblems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。. plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?_显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：我们该如何抉择?Now we are entering

12、 a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes tow

13、ards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, dif

14、ferent people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few peop

15、le claim that ., but other people think as.提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . There who criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who favor ., on the other hand, argue that.目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为_。Some people are of th

16、e opinion that. 有些人认为_。Many people claim that. 很多人认为_。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为_有很多有利之处(不利之处)。Those who argue for . say that .economic development of the cities.觉得_的人认为，_ 城市的经济发展。Some people advocate tha

17、t .有些人在坚持认为_。They hold that . 他们认为_。People, who advocate that ., have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为_的人也有其说法(依据)。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_的人有很多原因。Many people would cla

18、im that. 有人会认为_。People who support . give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_观点的人列出了如下原因：_。But others hold the view that .但是，另外一些人则认为_。观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly ad

19、vocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_。But people who are ., on the other hand , maintain that.不过，另一方面，_的人认为_。However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。However, some others argue that. 然而，另一些人则认为_。Howev

20、er, there are also some others who contend that.然而，也有人认为_。But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly .另一方面，也有

21、很多反对的人，他们认为_。According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . rather than.根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_而不会选择_。Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)_。Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。To my point of view 我认为To my mind, the advantages far

22、 overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我认为，优点胜过缺点。For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点_。As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter

23、 view that. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即_。If asked to make a decision, I would prefer.如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿_。展现问题篇问题的常用词：question, problem, issueRecently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus.近来，_的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes

24、have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。The issue whether it is good or not to . has arouse

25、d a heated discussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。People from different backgr

26、ounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。