软件工程专业英语知识讲解.docx

1、软件工程专业英语知识讲解软件工程专业英语软件工程英语文档：Documents软件工具：Software Tools工具箱：Tool Box集成工具：Integrated Tool软件工程环境：Software Engineering Environment传统：Conventional经典：Classical解空间：Solution Domain问题空间：Problem Domain清晰第一，效率第二Clarity the first, Efficiency the next.设计先于编码Design before coding使程序的结构适合于问题的结构Make the program fi

2、t the problem开发伴随复用，开发为了复用 Development with reuse, Development for reuse.靠度量来管理：Management by Measurement软件度量学：Software Metrics软件经济学:Software Economics软件计划WHY软件分析WHAT软件实现HOW软件生存周期过程的开发标准 Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Process软件开发模型：Software Development Model编码员：Coder瀑布模型：Waterfall Model

3、快速原型模型：Rapid Prototype Model增量模型:Incremental Model线性思维:Linear Thinking演化模型：Evolutionary Model螺旋模型：Spiral Model对象：Object类：Class继承：Inheritance聚集:Aggregation消息：Message面向对象对象Object+分类Classification+继承Inheritance+消息通信Communication with Messages构件集成模型：Component Integration Model转换模型：Transformational Model

4、净室软件工程：Cleanroom Software Engineering净室模型:Cleanroom Model软件需求规格说明书：Software Requirement Specification ,SRS分析模型：Analysis Model便利的应用规约技术：Facilitated Application Specification Techniques ,FAST结构化语言：Structured Language判定树：Decision Tree基数：Cardinality事件轨迹：Event Trace对象关系Object-Relationsship结构化分析：SA（Struct

5、ured Analysis）由顶向下，逐步细化 Top-Down Stepwise Refinement面向对象分析：Object-Oriented Analysis包含：Contains临近：Is Next To传到:Transmits to来自:Acquires from管理:Manages控制:Controls组成：Is Composed of细化：Refinement抽象：Abstraction模块：Module策略：Strategy信息隐藏:Information Hiding数据封装：Data Encapsulation抽象数据类型：Abstract Data type模块化设计：

6、Modular Design分解：Decomposition模块性：Modularity单模块软件：Monolithic Software模块独立性：Module Independence内聚：Cohesion偶然性内聚：Coincidental Cohesion逻辑性内聚：Logical Cohesion时间性内聚：Temporal Cohesion过程性内聚: Procedural Cohesion通信性内聚: Communicational Cohesion顺序性内聚：Sequential Cohesion功能性内聚：Functional Cohesion非直接偶合：No Direct

7、Coupling数据偶合：Data Coupling特征偶合：Stamp Coupling控制偶合：Control Coupling外部偶合：External Coupling公共偶合：Common Coupling内容偶合: Content Coupling由底向上设计：Bottom-Up Design自顶向下设计：Top-Down Design正式复审：Formal Review非正式复审：Informal Review走查，排练：Walk-Through会审：Inspection映射：Mapping传入路径：Afferent path传出路径：Efferent path变换中心：Tran

8、sform Center接受路径：Reception path动作路径：Action path事务中心：Transaction Center分支分解：Factoring of Brandches瓮形：oval-shaped一个模块的控制域：Scope of Control一个模块的作用域：Scope of Effect结构化程序设计：Structured Programming通心面程序：Bowl of Spaghetti流程图：Flow Diagram编码：Coding方框图：Block DiagramPDL (Pidgin):Program Design Language伪代码：Pseud

9、o CodeJSD:Jackson System Development对象建模技术：Object Modeling Technique基础设施：Infrastructure控制线程：Thread of Control保护者对象：Guardian Object协议：protocolUML:Unified Modeling LanguageOMG:Object Management Group统一方法：Unified Method关联:Association泛化：Generalization依赖：Dependency结点：Node接口：Interface包：Package注释： Note特化：S

10、pecialization元元模型：Meta-Meta Model用户模型：User Model静态图：Static Diagram动态图：Dynamic Diagram用例视图：Use Case View逻辑视图：Logical View并发视图：Concurrent View构件视图：Component View实现模型视图：Implementation Model View部署视图：Deployment View航向：Navigability重数：Multiplicity共享聚集：Shared Aggregation组合：Composition泛化：Generalization简单消息：

11、Simple Message同步消息：Synchronous Message异步消息：Asynchronous Message事件说明：Event_Signature守卫条件：Guard_Condition动作表达式:Action_Expression发送子句：Send_Clause时序图：Sequence Diagram协作图：Collaboration Diagram前缀：Predecessor循环子句：Iteration-Clause活动图：Activity Diagram构件图：Component Diagram配置图：Deployment Diagram建模过程指导(RUP)：Rat

12、ional Unified Process可执行代码：Executalbe Codes实现：Implementation编码风格：Coding Style标准：Classical控制流的直线性：Linearity of Control Flow程序风格设计要素：先求正确后求快 Make it right before you make it faster.先求清楚后求快 Make it clear before you make it faster.求快不忘保持程序正确 Keep it right when you make it faster.保持程序简单以求快 Keep it simple

13、 to make it faster.书写清楚，不要为“效率”牺牲清楚 Write clearly-dont sacrifice clarity for efficiency文档化：Code Documentation内部文档编制：Internal Documentation序言：Prologue用户友善：User Friendly纠错：Debugging测试用例：Test Case穷举测试：Exhaustive Testing选择测试：Selective Testing静态分析：Static Analysis黑盒测试：Black Box Testing白盒测试：White Box Testi

14、ng等价分类：Equivalence Partioning边界值分析法：Boundary Value Analysis所谓猜错：Error Guessing因果图:Cause-Effect Graph逻辑覆盖测试法：Logic Coverage Testing试凑：Trial and Error回溯：Back Tracking病因排除法：Cause Elimination测试纠错：Debugging by Testing蛮力纠错技术：Debugging by Brute Force回归测试：Regression Testing单元测试：Unit Testing综合测试：Integration

15、Testing确认测试: Validation Testing系统测试：System Testing模块测试：Module Testing高级测试：Higher order Testing不可达的：Unreachable办公桌检查：Desk Check走查：Walk-Through代码会审：Code Inspection测试驱动模块：Test Driver测试桩模块：Test Stub群：Cluster混合方式测试：Sandwich Testing渐增式测试：Incremental Testing非渐增式：Non-Incremental配置复审：Configuration Review测试终止

16、标准：Test Completion Criteria基于线程的测试：Thread-Based Testing基于使用：Use-Based基于构件的软件开发：Component Based Software Development ,CBSD领域工程：Domain Engineering需求规约：Requirements Specification变体：Variant组件对象模型，COM：Componet Object Model对象链接与嵌入：Object Linking and Embedding公共对象请求代理体系结构，CORBA：Common Object Request Broker

17、 Architecture枚举分类：Enumerater Classification呈面分类：Faceted Classification属性-值分类：Attribute-Value Classification应用系统工程，ASE：Application System Engineering完善性维护：Perfective Maintenance适应性维护：Adaptive Maintenance纠错性维护：Corrective Maintenance预防性维护：Preventive Maintenance结构化的翻新：Structured Retrofit可维护性：Maintainabi

18、lity可理解性：Understandability可修改性：Modifiability可测试性:Testability调用图：Call Graph交差引用表：Cross-Reference Directory数据封装技术：Data Encapsulation维护申请单MRF：Maintenance Request Form软件问题报告单SPR：Software Problem Report软件修改报告单SCR: Software Change Report修改控制组CCB：Change Control Board软件配置：Software Configuration版本控制库：Version

19、 Control Library活动比：Activity Ratio工作量调节因子EAF：Effort Adjustment Factor软件再工程：Software Reengineering逆向工程：Reverse Engineering重构：Restructure演化性：Evolvability问题定义：Problem Definition系统目标与范围的说明：Statement of Scope and Objectives可行性研究：Feasibility Study系统流程图：System Flowchart成本效益分析：Cost-Benifit Analysis风险识别：Risk

20、 Identification风险预测：Risk Projection风险估计：Risk Estimation风险评价：Risk Assessment估算模型：Estimation Model资源模型：Resource Model构造性成本模型：Constructive cost Model组织：Organic半独立：Semidetached嵌入：Embeded算法模型：Algorithmic Model分类活动结构图WBS：Work Breakdown Structure人员时间权衡定律 People-Time Trade-Off Law无我小组：Egoless Team主程序员小组： Ch

21、ief-Programmer TeamPERT:Program Evaluation and Review Technique关键路径：Critical Path知识产权：Intellectual Property靠质量来管理：Management by Measurement质量保证：Quality Assurance质量认证: Quality Certification质量检验：Quality Inspection全面质量管理TQC：Total Quality Control质量体系：Quality System计划-实施-检查-措施 Plan-Do-Check-Action合格论证：Co

22、nformity Certification可靠性：Reliability效率：Efficiency运行工程:Human Engineering正确性：Correctness使用性：Usability完整性：Integrity可理解性：Understandability可测试性：Testability可修改性：Modifiability可移植性：Portability可维护性：Maintainability可适应性：Flexibility可重用性：Reusability交互操作性：Interoperability验证与确认：Verification and Validation ,V&V基线：

23、Baselines平均故障时间：Mean Time To Failure ,MTTF错误传入:Error Seeding冗余：Redundancy容错:Fault Tolerance公理化归纳断言法：Axio-Matic Inductive Assertion循环不变式：Loop Invariant能力成熟度模型：Capability Maturity Model关键过程域：Key Process Area ,KPA关键实践：Key Practice初始级：Initial可重复级:Repeatable已定义级:Defined已管理级:Managed优化级:Optimizing主任评估师：Lea

24、d Assessor极值程序设计:Extreme Programming自适应软件开发:Adaptive Software Development轻载:Light weight重载:Heavy Weight返工：Rework进度:Schedule时间:Duration成本:Cost代码行LOC:Lines of Code面向功能：Function-Oriented面向规模: Size-Oriented功能点：Function Points权系数:Weighting Coefficient用户输入：User Input用户输出: User Output用户查询: User Inquirty主文件

25、处理:Master File外部界面:External InterfaceTCF:Technical Complexity Factor 技术复杂性因子测度:Measurement最终用户:End-User;计算机辅助软件工程CASE:Computer Aided Software Engineering拉出：pull-out下拉: pull-down一致性:Unification自动化：Automation过程模型：Process Model软件开发环境SDE：Software Development Environment软件设计支持环境PSE：Programming Support Environment集成化项目支持IPSE：Integrated Project Support Environment集成化框架：Integration Framework质量从头抓起：Quality from Beginning缺陷：Defect变更请求：Change Request功能扩充：Enhancement Request