龙文一对一八年级8AU3 Grammar.docx

1、龙文一对一八年级8AU3 Grammar徐州龙文教育个性化辅导教案教师学生年级8A授课时间授课课题U3Grammar授课类型Review教学目标1.学会如何从海报中得到有用信息2.理解事实与观点的差异3.介绍表示观点的语言的用法4.确保学生学会并掌握本单元教授的语法和词汇教学重点与难点重点：1.Use and/but/or to join ideas together. 2.Use verbs and to-infinitives together. 3.Use reflexive pronouns when the subject and object are the same person

2、.难点：1.Use formulaic expressions to make suggestions and arrangements for a trip.参考资料龙文题库教学过程复习巩固新课导入Step I. Leadin: Let the students review the words ，learn to make sentences using each word.授课内容分析、推导(突出教学内容要点，采用的教学方法等，要求简明扼要，若有与教材中相同的文字、表格、例题等不要在教案上照抄，可注明教材页码。)Step II. presentationTask 1 The use of

3、 “and”/“but”/“or”Point out: 我们使用“and, but ,or”把想法连接在一起。Ask the Ss to make more sentences with thewords.Task 2 The use of “动词+动词不定式”。Point out: 通常这些单词与动词不定式连用agree choose decide hope learn plan prepare want等。Make more sentences with the words. Task 3 Learn the language points Step III. PracticeDo the

4、 exercise Step IIII Homework (1) Revise the new drills of this lesson.(2) Preview the next lesson.(3) Finish the exercises.小结作业/思考题课后反思（体会、得失分析、改进）学生对于本次课的评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字：教师评定：1、 学生上次作业评价： 好 较好 一般 差2、 学生本次上课情况评价： 好 较好 一般 差 教师签字： 主任签字: 日期 徐州龙文教育 语 法 全 解 一and，or，but的用法and的六点用法(1) 表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、

5、“而且” Eg:We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。 I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。 He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴，她唱歌。 (2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性Eg:The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。 We waited for hours and hours. 我们一直等了好几个小时。 The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。 【注】但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种

6、类： There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 词典很多，有好有坏。 Dont worrythere are rules and rules. 别担心规则与规则不一样。 (3) 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的，大致相当于不定式符号 to Eg:Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。 We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。 (4) 有时用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么” Eg:Work hard and youll su

7、cceed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。 Arrive late once more and youre fired. 你再迟一次，你就会被开除。(5) 有时表示对比(有类似but的意思)Eg:He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有，但却过着朴素的生活。 Robert is secretive and David is candid. 罗伯特深藏不露，而戴维则有啥说啥。 (6) 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”，“挺” Eg:Its nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。 The

8、book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵。 or的用法归纳(1) 表示选择，意为“或”“还是” Eg:Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的? Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？ Is he asleep or awake? 他睡着了还是醒着? Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？ You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。 Are you f

9、rom North China or South China? 你是华北人还是华南人? (2)表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则” Eg:Come on, or well be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。 Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。 Dress warmly, or else youll catch cold. 穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的。 Be careful, or youll break that vase! 小心，否则你会把那花瓶打碎!(3)可表示“要不就是”Eg:He must be joking,

10、or else hes mad. 他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了。 The book must be here, or else youve lost it. 这书一定在这儿，要不就是你丢失了。 (4)用于否定句中代替and。 Eg:He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明，也长得不好看。They didnt sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。 (5)用于习语 Eg:The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。 They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1

11、700个或更多部族构成。 Theres just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。 Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。 but的用法(1) 连接词或短语 Eg:It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。 He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢。 (2)连接句子 Eg:This isnt a

12、 good one but it will answer. 这不太好，但可以将就用。He looks honest, but actually hes a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。 She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应。 The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在，但下面却没有水。 (3) 用于句首 Eg:But that question doesnt arise. 但没发生那个问题。 But in s

13、ecret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。 But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么? But in the end he gave in. 但最后他还是让步了。 (4) 用于道歉的表达之后 Eg:Sorry, but were behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。 Im frightfully sorry, but I cant see you today. 太对不起了，我今天不能见你。 Excuse me, but I dont think thats quite true. 很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入。 (5)

14、用于notbut，表示“不是而是” Eg:Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。 (2) 用在某些否定语后，表示“只” Eg:He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。 She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。 (7) 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第” Eg:He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。 He wa

15、s the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。(3) cant help but 不由得不 Eg:You cant help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。 I cant help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。 【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然但是”直译为althoughbut： 误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一个) 二动词+to不定式1.agree1. agree to主要用来表示一方

16、提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作： We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。 She agreed to marriage. 她同意结婚。 有时 agree to 也可用来表示“答应”一件自己不愿做的事： I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didnt quite agreewith it. 我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。 后接 suggestion, plan, proposal 等名词时，与 accept 同义： Do you think he will agree to (=ac

17、cept) my suggestion? 你认为他会同意 (接受)我的建议吗? 其后既可接动词原形 (此时to是不定式符号)，也可接动名词 (一般有逻辑主语，此时 to是介词)： He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我们去。 2. agree with表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)： I dont agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。 They agreed with this idea. 他们同意这个想法。 I agree with what you say. 我同意你说的。 表示“ (食物、天气、工作等)对适宜”： The

18、 weather doesnot agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。 Hard work does notagree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。 表示“与一致”： A verb must agree with its subjectin person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。3. agree on 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议： We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致意

19、见。 Both sides agreedon these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。 后接动名词 (=agree to do sth)： He agreed on lending (=to lend) us some money. 他同意借给我们一些钱。 Mary agreed oncoming to come on Monday. 玛丽同意星期一来。 4. 两点用法说明： (1) 后接表示人的名词或代词时，一般只用 agree with。 (2) agree 不能接不定式的复合结构，所以汉语的“同意某人做某事”，不能直译为 agree sb to do sth, 而应根据情况改用其它

20、结构： 他们同意我去。 正：They agreed to let me go. 正：They agreed to my going. 误：They agreed me to go.2. chooseChoose to喜欢，宁愿，决心eg: Choose a General from among the Dwarfs-Pick the best out of the Mediocre Bunch矮子里拔将军 Choose an author as you choose a friend.选书如择友 3. decidedecide to 是指“决定做某事”，后跟动词eg:She decided t

21、o live in London. 她决定住在伦敦。 4. hope通常情况下，hope后面只能接不定式和that从句，表示一种有信心的可实现的希望，eg:I hope to see you soon. .我希望不久能见到你。 注意：(1)hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hope sb. to do sth.结构。 误：We hope his coming earlier tomorrow. 误：We hope him to come earlier tomorrow. 正：We hope that he will come earlier tomorrow. (2)省略答语中，not不

22、可放在hope前，如不能说I dont hope so.只能说I hope not. 比较：wish:通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望，wish后跟从句时常用虚拟 语气。如： I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。 注意： wish可用于表示祝愿，祝福的句中。如： He wished me well.他祝我好运。 wish sb. good morning/goodbye. 向人道早安再见5. learnlearn to do sth. 试着学做某事(在心里打算好了准备去学,还没有去)eg：Once you learn to do this, you can

23、do it any time. 只要你学会去做这件事，你就可以在任何时候去做learn doing sth. 学做某事(已经在学习了,现在进行时 ) 6.planplan to do sth. 计划去做某事eg：I plan to go to the movie tonight.我计划今晚要去看电影。He plans to travel around the world.他计划要周游世界。 7.prepareprepare to do sth.表示准备做.eg： They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备

24、过河，突然下雨了。 8.wantwant to do sth.想要做某事eg： I want to drink some water. 我想要喝点水。I want to eat an apple. 我想要吃一个苹果。 三反身代词1、反身代词的基本形式 反身代词是指表示自己的代词，是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。 2、反身代词的句法功能 （1） 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句

25、末) eg：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 Martin himself took care of the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。 You should come here yourself. 你必须亲自来。 Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。 (2) 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语) eg：Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。 He has a right to decide for himself

26、. 他有权为自己做出决定。 He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。 She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。 She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。 Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上 流感。 (3) 用作表语 eg：The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 The ones who really w

27、ant it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。(4) 用作主语在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as.as等) eg：My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。 He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。One should not praise oneself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。 The poor boy was myself

28、. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 We can finish this task by ourselves. 我们自己就能完成这项任务。 You should come here yourself. 你必须亲自来。 引导的短语：1) be not oneself身体不好 Im not quite myself today. 2) enjoy oneself玩得很痛快 I enjoyed myself in his party. 3) help oneself to something. 随便吃 Please help yourself to some fish. 4) teach oneself

29、 sth.自学 When he was young, he taught himself advanced maths.5) dress oneself穿衣服 He is too young to dress himself. 6) talk to oneself自言自语 He often talks to himself. 要 点 全 解1.The sky was blue and everything was beautiful. 天空是蓝的，一切都很美。（教材第45页）and并列连词，是用来连接彼此是并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的词，被连接的两个部分彼此是独立的，在句法上是平等的。En

30、glish and Chinese are different languages.英语和汉语是不同的语言。I like basketball and table tennis.我喜欢篮球和乒乓球。注意如果and连接的两个句子的主语相同，and后就不必重复该主语。We saw the tower and liked it very much.我们看到了那座塔，并且非常喜欢它。（省略）如果连接的两个句子的主语和谓语相同，and后就不必重复主语和谓语。He felt cold and hungry.他感到又冷又饿。（省略he felt）2.We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.我们可以参观世界公园，或者浏览世界各地。（教材第45页）or并列连词，意为或者，还是，表示一种选择关系。or当否则，要不然讲时，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设。Are you coming or not?你来还是不来？Hurry up,youll be late.快点儿，否则你会迟到的。You can go there by bus or on foot.你可以坐公交车或者步行去那儿。注意or连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单