1、人教版新目标九年级英语梁原中学初三英语中考语法复习归纳知识点专题12 句子的种类学生版专题12 句子的种类解读考点直击考点句子种类:简单句、并列句、复合句1. 简单句:S+Vi (此时动词为不及物动词,后面不能带宾语) : S+Vt+O (此时动词为及物动词,后面要带宾语) : S+Vt+O+OC (此时宾语不完整,需要一个不足语来补充说明宾语): S+link verb+P (此时句子中没有具体的动作,只有状态) : S+Vt+InO+O (此时句子中有两个宾语即表示人的间接宾语与表示物的直接宾语)2. 并列句: 简单句+并列连词(and, or, but, so)+简单句3. 复合句:主句
2、+连接词+宾语从句 :主句+连接词+定语从句 :主句+连接词+状语从句【名师点睛】1、五大基本句型结构 1. 主语加系动词加表语 The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。 The hat looks nice on you!(系动词还有feel,taste,smell,sound) 你戴这顶帽子真好看。 2. 主语加不及物动词 He swims in the river every summer.他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。 3. 主语加及物动词+宾语 Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。 4. 主语加及物动词加间接宾语加直接宾语 She
3、showed her friends all her pictures. 等于She showed all her pictures to her friends.她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的图画。 5. 主语加及物动词加宾语加宾语补足语 We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净整洁。 二疑问句 分类及用法见下表: 分类概念形式一 般 疑 问 句用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句be加主语加其他? 情态动词加主语加动词原形加其他? 助动词加主语加动词原形/过去分词加其他? 如: Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗?
4、 Yes, she is. 是的,她是。 Must I finish the report today? 我必须今天完成报告吗? Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。 Did she like to dance when she was young? 她小时候喜欢跳舞吗? Have you been to Tibet? 你去过西藏吗? 分类概念形式特 殊 疑 问 句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句who询问身份which询问特定的人或物what询问职业或身份when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因how询问方式如: Who is the girl over there?
5、 那边的女孩是谁? Which color would you prefer, red or yellow? 你更喜欢哪种颜色,红色还是黄色? What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大了将从事什么工作? When did you go to Shanghai last time? 你上次去上海是什么时候? Where can I get the ticket for the show? 我在哪儿可以买到这场表演的票? Why are you late for the meeting? 你为什么开会迟到了? How do you get to s
6、chool every day? 你每天怎样去上学? 中考常考的how疑问词组用法辨析: 疑问词含义用法how many多少提问数量,后跟可数名词复数how much多少提问数量,后跟不可数名词;提问价格,动词随主语而变how often多久一次提问频率how long多长提问持续的时间,答语用“for加一段时间”或“since加过去时间点”how soon多久提问将来时间,答语用“in加一段时间”how far多远提问距离how old多大提问年龄注:三感叹句 1. 含义:表示强烈的感情或情绪的句子叫作感叹句。这种句子一般用what或how来引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词和副词,都
7、用陈述句语序,句尾用感叹号。 2. 分类及用法: what引导的感叹句主要有以下两种结构: 结构例句What+a/an+形容词加单数可数名词加主语加谓语!What a beautiful present it is! 多漂亮的礼物啊!What加形容词加可数名词复数/不可数名词加主语加谓语!What interesting books they are! 多有趣的书啊! What nice music it is! 多美妙的音乐啊!how引导的感叹句主要有以下两种结构: 结构例句How加形容词/副词加 主语加谓语!How fine the weather is! 多好的天气啊!How加形容词加a
8、/an加单数名词! How beautiful a present! 多漂亮的礼物啊!3. 如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句 方法一:名词前有a,an修饰的,多用what; 方法二:形容词直接加名词的,多用what。 四祈使句 祈使句句式肯定形式否定形式(Please) 加动词原形加其他 Please listen to me carefully.请 认真听我讲。Please do not read in the sun. 不要在太阳下读书。Put away your things. 把你的东西收起来。Do not open the window. 不要打开窗子。Let加宾语加动词原
9、形加其他Letus have another try. 让我们再试试。Do not let him go there alone.不要让他独自去那儿。No加名词/动名词NO PHOTOS! 禁止照相! NO PARKING!禁止停车!1. 回答祈使句时要用将来时。如: Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day. 请记住每天带着狗散步。 Yes, I will. 好的,我会的。 Do not take your mobile phone to school. 不要把手机带到学校来! Sorry, I will not. 对不
10、起,我不会了。 2.掌握“祈使句加and/or加结果状语”结构。如: Work harder, and you will get good grades. 努力吧,你就会取得好成绩。 Hurry up, or you will be late for class. 快点啊,要不然上课就迟到了。2年中考2014年题组1【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Two this afternoon. exciting! I hope our team will win.A. How B. Whethe
11、r C. What2【2014年湖南省长沙市中考】_nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night. A. What B. What a C. How3【2014年湖南省娄底市中考】Youre not good at biology, are you?_.A. Yes, Im not. B. No, I am. C. Yes, I am.4【2014年内蒙古通辽市中考】 unusual music he is playing!A. How B. What an C. How a D. What5. 【2014年上海市中考】_
12、carefully, Michael! Theres a school ahead.A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving 2015年题组1. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 2【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】 Drive slowly, Mary. _ is something ahead on the roa
13、d. A. It B. This C. That D. There3. 【广东省2015年中考英语试题】 -_ there any living things on other planets ? -I have no ideas. Maybe we can know more about that in the future. A.Is B. Are C. Has D. Have 4. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】The weather forecast says that _ another storm tomorrow. A. there will have B. ther
14、e will be C. there has D. there has been 5.【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】They go to school early in the morning. A. So do Tom. B. So Tom do. C. So does Tom. D. So Tom does.6. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】Listen! Someone is playing the piano. Wow! beautiful music! I like it very much. A. What B. How a C. What a D. How7.
15、【2015年襄阳市初中毕业生学业水平考试英语试题】-The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st. -_ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? A. What a B. What C. How a D. How8. 【2015年襄阳市初中毕业生学业水平考试英语试题】-We ordered beef noodles, but _ any beef in the noodles.
16、-Put on your glasses and you can see the beef. A. there isnt B. there is C. there arent D. there are考点归纳(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下
17、四种:a.一般疑问句(General Questions):Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):He doesnt know her, does he?他不认识她,对不对?3) 祈使句(Imper
18、ative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张!4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。(主) (谓)2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构
19、的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite。(主) (谓) (主)(谓)食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。3) 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema。主句 从句我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展
20、、变化而来的:1)主 + 动(SV)例如:I work.我工作。2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:John is busy.约翰忙。3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English.她学英语。4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。句型重点1. There be 句型:There is / are + sth + prep phrase .
21、(改句型用于现在某处有某物):There used to be + sth + prep phrase. (改句型用于过去某处有某物):There will be + sth + prep phrase. (改句型用于将来某处有某物)2. 形式主语句型形式主语即:我们常说的无主语句。:Its +adj for / of sb to do sth:Its ones duty to do sth:Its time (for sb ) to do sth 宾语补足语定义:有些及物动词接宾语时其意义不完整,为了补充和说明宾语。在宾语后接一个词或短语来补充说明宾语,这样的词或短语被称之为宾语补足语。宾补
22、可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。:常见的接名词作宾补的动词有:call, name, make, consider等:常见的接形容词作宾补的动词有:keep, find, get, make, consider, wish, regard等:常见的接副词作宾补的动词有:keep, find, leave, make等:常见的接to +v作宾补的动词有:ask, allow, tell, teach, get, order, advice, wish等:常见的接v-ing或v-ed作宾补的动词有:have, make, hear, watch, see, notice,
23、find等:在动词hear, see, watch, notice, make, have, let等词之后用v作宾补,但在被动语态中要用to v(即要补出省略的to)注意区别:宾补与双宾语。 宾语与宾补是一种逻辑上的主谓关系,双宾语则没有疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.反意疑问句: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句. 如前面陈述句部分是肯定式,后面问句部分一般用是否定式;如前一部分是否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称,数及时态上通常保持一致. 如:You are a student,arent you?
24、(你是学生,对吗?)在祈使句后面用反意疑问句,要注意人称的变化。 如:Go to the cinema,will you?在省略的感叹句后面,要注意主语的单复数。如:What fine weather,isnt it?陈述句部分的主语如是I,疑问部分要用 arent I. 如: Im as tall as your sister,arent I?陈述部分用never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义. 如: He seldom came here,did he?陈述句部分的谓语是used t
25、o时,疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt +主语.如: He used to go to school at seven, didnt he? / usednt he?陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? 如: Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?陈述部分有Youd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语. 如:Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?主语是everyone, someone,anyone,no one等不定代词时,多用they 指代.如
26、:Everyone is here,arent they?(所有的人都来了吗?)主语是everything,something,anthing,nothing时,用it 指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。如: Dont do that again, will you? 注意 Lets 开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?陈述部分是there be结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如: There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?特殊疑问句: 注
27、意疑问词 how many how much , how often , how old, how long, what, what time, what day , what colour, which , when , who, whose等疑问词的用法。解题技能中考对五大基本句型结构的考查主要体现在连词成句这个题型上。所以学生对这五大基本句型要熟练掌握并运用。中考对疑问句的考查主要对一般疑问句和特殊疑问句进行考查,且对疑问句的考查方式主要为连词成句。单项选择中对特殊疑问句的考查主要为how词组辨析。反意疑问句和选择疑问句也是疑问句的两大类,不作为重点。 1年模拟1.【湖北株洲模拟】You
28、 cant imagine strange it is! A. What B. How C. What a 2.【广西柳州模拟】I dont think he can read the new words so well, _? A. can he B. cant he C. do you3.【广西河池模拟】 Im not going swimming this afternoon. _. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A. So am I. B. So I am. C. Neither am I. D. Neither I am.4.【四川中江模拟】John didnt watch TV last night. . A.Neither I did. B.Neither did I. C.So did I. D.So I did.5.【甘肃瓜州模拟】Jim made few mistakes in the Chinese exam,_? A. does he B. didnt he C. did he D. didnt Jim
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