英语教师试讲必备语法术语.docx

1、英语教师试讲必备语法术语 英语教师试讲必备语法术语语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 unc

2、ountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动

3、词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adv

4、erb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词 adj

5、ectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句

6、 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbia

7、l clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

8、句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical quest

9、ion 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语

10、 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial 句法关系 syntactic relationship并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restrict

11、ion 双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form 格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter 人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 s

12、econd person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense 过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 pr

13、esent continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 su

14、bjunctive mood 否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agr

15、eement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic e

16、xpression_r 英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic 词性：word class/ part of speech宾格：accusative case所有格：genitive case Belinda：2009-03-05 16:55:44 American English:美式英语British English: 英式英语speech sound

17、s ：语音pronounciation:发音 1. Good morning(afternoon, evening),class(everyone,students). 同学们,早晨好。2. This term we have nine subjects: Chinese,Enghish,Politics,History,Geography,Maths,physics,Chemistry and Biology.这学期我们有九门学科：语文、英语、政治、历史、地理、数学、化学和生物。3. We also have some other interesting subjects: Music, F

18、ine Arts, Physical Education,etc.我们还有一些其它的有趣的课程：音乐、美术、体育等等。4. We have one weekly meeting on Monday afternoon.周一我们有一节班会。5. The head teacher of our class is Mr.Zhang.我们的班主任是张老师。6. You must be polite and say hi to them when you see the teacher.见到老师要礼貌，要问好。7. When you come into our school, you must spea

19、k Putonghua.一进学校，你就要讲普通话。8. The Chinese lessons are very important。语文课对于我们来说相当重要。9. We should study it more carefully than before.我们要比以前更加认真地学习。10. If you study Chinese its very easy, but if you dont its very hard.对于汉语，你学它就不难，你不学它就显得挺难。11. Chinese is our native language,we must learn it well.汉语是我们的母

20、语，我们必须把它学好。12. This is our first Chinese class of this term. 这是我们本学期第一节语文课。13. Were going to learn Lesson One (the first Lesson). 我们要学习第一课。14. Dont make any noise in class,or you may trouble the others.课上不要喧哗，那会影响别人。15. Open your text-books to Page 10. 打开课本第10页。16. This text is written by Mr.Luxun.t

21、he great man in our Chinese modern literature history.本文由我国现代文学史上伟大的文学家鲁迅先生的作品。17. Listen to me carefully,let me tell you sth about the writer.请认真听我为大家介绍一些作者的情况。18. You may write down sth important and special on your notes.你们可以在自己的笔记本上记录一些较为重要和特殊的内容。19. First ,let me read the text aloud .首先让我为大家朗读本

22、文。20. Put the text-books on your desk, please.请把你的课本放在书桌上。21. Please read it follow me quietly(lowly).你们可以轻声跟读。22. Read the text to yourselves.默读本文。23. Stop here for a while, please.暂停一会儿。24. Take your text-books.用手端起课本来。25. Pay attention to them when they read the second paragraph.他们读第二段时，注意听。26. R

23、ead more distinctly(Speak more clearly), please.请读清楚一点。27. Would you speak in a little loud (in a slow)voice(louder,please).你能大一点声音吗？28. Speak in a little low voice, please.声音低一点。29. Your voice(timbre, tone) sounds sweet.你的声音很好听。30. Read louder and slowly so that everybody can hear you.读得声音大一点、慢一点，让

24、大家都能听清楚。31. Now, you may read it in class .现在，你们可以课堂上阅读本文。32. I ask you to read it fluently and clearly as soon as possible.我要求大家尽量流畅、清晰地阅读本文。33. About the key sentences, I ask you to study not only the meaning of the words,but also (them)in the line.就这些重点语句，我要求大家有仅了解字面，还要注意字里行间的深意。34. You may ask m

25、e if you have any questions.有问题可以问我。35. Ill give you explanations as many as possible(I can).我会尽多地为大家解释。36. And then, Im going to ask you sth simple about it. 然后，我会问你们一些较为简单的有关情况。37. Where did we stop(learn) off last time(how far did we get last time)? 上一次我们学到什么地方了？38. Let me remind you of what we h

26、ave learned last period (refresh your memory last time we talked about).让我提醒你一下，关于上节课所学的内容。39. Do you know the general mind (main meaning)of the article?你知道这篇文章的中心意思吗？40. Say sth about what you have learned from the hero。谈谈关于这个英雄的启示。41. You mustnt make faces in class.上课不要做鬼脸，出洋相。42. Please keep quie

27、t when some other students make mistakes.同学出错时，你要保持安静。43. Lets take turns to read。让我们轮流来读。44. Who can read it aloud first ?哪位能先朗读？45. Hands up,please.请举手示意我。46. Dont worry(calm down,slow down).不必紧张。47. Speak up,please.请大声说。48. Stand straight,please.站直些。49. The blackboard is too high for me, I only c

28、an write so few words on it.黑板太高了，我只能写这么多。50. Youre right(well done ).很不错。51. Lets read the text aloud together.下面，全体齐读。52. Now lets begin.开始！53. Itll take us two periods to grasp(master) these.这些需要我们两课时才能掌握。54. We have three study tasks to do this class.本课时，我们有三个学习任务。55. The first is the background

29、 and the writer .首先是本文的背景和作者情况。56. Next,the thought and the writing methods .然后是它的思想内容和写法。57. Then,the new words and the sentence strctures .最后是本文中的生词和一些句式。58. Whats more(what else), the feelings and the lauguage style of the text.还有，本文的感情和语言风格。59. We may analyse the title of the text together. 我们可以

30、一起分析一下本文的题目。60. Now lets speak freely.现在请大家畅所欲言。61. Thats all(so much) for the class .Times up.下课时间已到，本课时就讲这么多。62. After class,youre to read the text again.课后，大家还得再读一会儿。63. And you ought to hand in the homework in time.大家要及时上交作业。64. Lets take a break, see you later,everyone.休息一会儿，同学们，再见。65. Accordin

31、g to the study demand (require) and our arrangement,well do an action.根据学习需要和安排，我们要搞一项活动。66. From now on, at the beginning of every Chinese class, well ask someone to do the oral composition.从现在开始，在每堂语文课上课之始，我们请同学们做口头作文。67. Do you understand what I said just now ?大家明白我刚才说的意思吗？68. Now, you may make p

32、reparations for it in ten minutes.现在，大家可以准备十分钟。69. The lecture will begin in a minute, lets get ready.演讲稍候就要开始，准备一下。70. Whose turn is it today ?轮到谁了？71. Are you ready now?准备好了吗？72. Please do it in front of the blackboard.请到黑板前来做这个练习。73. Lets give him(her) a warm welcome(clap).让我们用掌声欢迎他（她）。74. Please write down your title of oral composition on the right of the blackboard.请把你的作文题目写在黑板右面。75. Thanks for father