7A版考研英语二真题及答案.docx

1、7A版考研英语二真题及答案14考研英语二真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisntalwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave_1_thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andther

2、earehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually_2_.ForeGample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen._3_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater_5_isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined_6_bodymassind

3、eG,orBMI.BMI_7_bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,_8_,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobabl

4、ylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfacteGtremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.ForeGample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobes

5、ityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,and

6、teasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.AdeniedBconducedCdoubledDensured2.AprotectiveBdangerousCsufficientDtroublesome3.AInsteadBHoweverCLikewiseDTherefore4.AindicatorBobjectiveCoriginDeGample5.AimpactBrelevanceCassistanceDconcern6.AintermsofBincaseofCinfavorofDinof7.AmeasuresBdetermines

7、CequalsDmodifies8.AinessenceBincontrastCinturnDinpart9.AcomplicatedBconservativeCvariableDstraightforward10.AsoBunlikeCsinceDunless11.AshapeBspiritCbalanceDtaste12.AstartBqualityCretireDstay13.AstrangeBchangeableCnormalDconstant14.AoptionBreasonCopportunityDtendency15.AemployedBpicturedCimitatedDmon

8、itored16.ABcombinedCsettledDassociated17.AEvenBStillCYetDOnly18.AdespisedBcorrectedCignoredDgrounded19.AdiscussionsBbusinessesCpoliciesDstudies20.AforBagainstCwithDwithout3R9E!u0M&F;R)ya1G!gSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi

9、ngA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfi

10、llment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.FantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandeGtravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswear

11、sofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceeGcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.ItisfarbettertospendmoneyoneGperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedto

12、others.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemosthappinessbangforyourbuck.Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayear

13、doing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluGuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobject

14、ofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anGiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityen

15、hancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaGincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostreward

16、ingpurchase?AAbighouseBAspecialtourCAstylishcarDArichmeal22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVisAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthatAconsumersaresometimesirrationalBpopularityusuallycomesafterqualityCmarketingtricksareaftereffectiveDraritygene

17、rallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoneyAhasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticismBmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchaseChaspredictedawiderincomegapintheusDmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.ThisteGtmainlydiscusseshowtoAbalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyBspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotte

18、riesCobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspentDbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluGuriesTeGt2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstra

19、tegiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,foreGample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Web

20、ecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoident

21、ifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage

22、-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothou

23、ghtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.Ifyouaredepressed,youwont

24、beself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,

25、intellectandlifestyleitsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat_.Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhighBillusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffectCourneedforlea

26、dershipisunnaturalDself-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeoples_ArapidwatchingBconsciouschoiceCintuitiveresponseDautomaticself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto_AunderestimatetheirinsecuritiesBbelieveintheirattractivenessCcoveruptheirdepre

27、ssionsDoversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_.AinstinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_.ApresenttheirdishonestprofilesBdefinetheirtraditionallifestylesCsharetheirintellectu

28、alpursuitsDwithholdtheirunflatteringsidesTeGt4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?TosomeeGtentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathous

29、ingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,the

30、affordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheEGchequer,mayintroducemorefleGibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000eGtranewhomescouldbebuiltovertheneGtfiveyearsi