高中英语破题致胜微方法情态动词系列情态动词及其同义词语的辨析.docx

1、高中英语破题致胜微方法情态动词系列情态动词及其同义词语的辨析情态动词及其同义词语的辨析 有些短语和某些情态动词的意思相近，他们在用法上同情态动词既有相同之处，也有不一样的地方。本节课我们一起来总结一下。can (could) 与 be able to一. 辨析情态动词与其同义短语1. can和be able to都表示“能力”,意思上没有区别。He can/ is able to speak two foreign languages.他能够讲两种外语。The boy is only four years old, but he can/is able to ride a bicycle.这名

2、男孩才4岁，但是他会骑自行车。2. can只有现在时和过去时，而be able to则有多种时态。I could help you last night, but you didnt come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。We were able to check in right away and the front desk staff were very helpful.我们能够马上登记入住，前台服务员非常有帮助。His lawyers will be able to speak for him in court, but he will not have to answer que

3、stions directly.他的律师将可以在法庭上代其发言，但他无须即时回答问题。Scientists have been able to reach into the mind of a brain-damaged man and communicate with his thoughts.科学家已经能够深入大脑受损病人的思想并与之交流。3. 在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could，而用was / were able to来表示。这时was / were able to 相当于managed to， 表示“经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事”。The wounded man wa

4、s able to get to the village and was saved in the end.那名伤员成功的到达了村庄，最终得到了救助。With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house.在消防队员的帮助下，他们离开了着火的房子。must与have to1 两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。Now theres no bus here, so we had to walk home. （客观需要）现在这里没有汽车了

5、我们只好走路回家了。 We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. （客观需要）家里没有食物了 汤姆你得去买一些来。We must find a good method to learn computer well. （主观看法）我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法。You must go! This is an order. （主观看法）你必须离开！这是命令。 2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其他时态通常由have to代替。There were no seats left then

6、 so the audience had to stand. 当时没有多余的座位了，所以观众们不得不站着。 Hes had to give up his job for health reasons. 他因为健康原因,已经不得不放弃工作了。Well have to go out now in case it rains. 我们现在得动身了,以防一会下雨。3 在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to (表示不必”)，因为mustnt表示的是“禁止”的意思。Must we hand in our plan now? 我们现在必须交

7、上计划吗？ Yes, you must. 是的，必须交。 No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. 不，不必交。4 在否定结构中： dont have to表示“不必”; mustnt 表示“禁止”。You dont have to tell him about it. 你不必把此事告诉他。Smoking mustnt be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。would 与used to1. would与used to都可以表示过去的一种习惯，意为“过去常常做某事”，有时两者可以互换。When we were boys，we us

8、ed to/would go swimming every summer. 小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。 He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books 过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。2. would常用来表示过去反复发生的动作，现在这种习惯有可能还会发生。 used to 常用来表示过去反复发生的动作，现在这种习惯已不复存在。People used to believe that the earth was flat 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。 He would go to the park as soon as he

9、 was free 过去，他一有空就去公园。The old man would sit in front of the house, waiting for his son to come to visit him.那位老人（过去）总是坐在屋前，等儿子来看他。I used to be able to keep two assistants, but now I only keep one.我过去还有能力雇用两个伙计，但是现在只雇一个。二. 典型例题1. They met with a serious flood but in the end everyone _escape from the

10、area.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. were able to2.What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You_ do anything except to be with them .A. dont have toB. oughtnt toC. mustntD. cant解析：本题考查情态动词。dont have to意为“没必要”; oughtnt to意为“不应该”； mustnt意为“禁止”； cant意为“不可能，不可以”答案：A句意：你认为我们可以为年迈的父母做些什么？你除了陪伴他们之外不必做其

11、他的事情。3. Whenhewasyoung,he_sleeplateonSundays,justashedoesnow.A. used to B. would C. were D. had been三. 练习1.用would和usedto填空。Whenworkinginthesameoffice,we_havecoffeetogether.Whenshewassad,she_sitinfrontofthatmirrordoingnothing.Shedoesntwritesooftentoherfamilyasshe_.They_livenearthemountain.2. When we

12、worked in the same firm several years ago，we_often go to the cinema together.A. would B. willC. shall D. could3. Shopping online can save much time as you_go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers.A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. wont D. mustnt4. You_buy a gift，but you can if you want to.A

13、. must B. mustntC. have to D. dont have to5. When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we_often go to the cinema together.A. would B. willC. shall D. could6. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer. A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been7. Will you_ finish your homework

14、 this evening?A. can B. may C. be able to D. are able to参考答案与解析：1. 答案：.usedto/would.would/usedto.usedto.usedto2. 答案：A解析：考查情态动词。would 这里表示(过去)常常；will做情态动词用表示“意志，意愿”；shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或请求指示；用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等；could意为“可能，可以”句意：当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。3. 解析：本题考查情态动词。根据句意，应选A

15、。答案：A解析：考查情态动词。would 这里表示(过去)常常。句意：当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。6. 答案：A would表示过去反复发生的动作，现在这种习惯有可能还会发生; used to 表示过去反复发生的动作，现在这种习惯已不复存在。由句意可知“他过去是一名律师，而现在却在学医”，所以应该使用used to.句意：他现在在学习医药科学，但是他过去是一名律师。7. 答案：Ccan和be able to 都可以表示“能力”，但是can只有现在时和过去时could，be able to可以用在任何时态里。本题使用的是一般将来时，所以应该使用 will be able

16、 to，答案为。句意：今晚你能完成你的家庭作业吗？四阅读提升【2016年新课标1卷】阅读理解Grandparents Answer a Call As a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of fri

17、endly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult ch

18、ildren and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robi

19、nsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, p

20、ublisher of Grant, a magazine for grandparents . “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,

21、 but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.1. Why was Garzas move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her livi

22、ng conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends.D. It helped her know more new places.2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority thought it

23、 was a trend.3. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparent.4. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last pa

24、ragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests of their ownB. Ask their children to pay more visits to themC. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better【2016年新课标1卷】阅读理解 I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips- of those , 51

25、have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always cons

26、cious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the checkin desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, Im really sorry

27、, Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged f

28、or a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.1. Which of the followin

29、g can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?A. providerB. delivery man C. collectorD. medical doctor2. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much.D. The ice wont last any longer.3. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To LondonB. To NewarkC. To ProvidenceD. To Washington