高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含详细答案.docx

1、高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含详细答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 The negative (负面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week cant be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study. Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health r

2、isks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects. The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a week

3、end recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption (代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some bene

4、fits after a single week of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday. If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, theyre gone when you go back to your routine. Its very short-lived, said Kenneth Wright, who led the research. Th

5、ese health effects are long-term. Its kind of like smoking once was people would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. Wright said that the st

6、udy suggests people should prioritize sleep cutting out the optional sleep stealers such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment. Even when people dont have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioriti

7、zing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.（1）What had the researchers already known before doing the new research? A.The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.B.Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.C.Peoples habit of shutting off the alarm during

8、holidays.D.The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.（2）Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _. A.call on smokers to completely abandon smokingB.advise people to go to sleep when they want to smokeC.show people have known the harm brought by smokingD.show people will someday notice the ba

9、d effects of sleep deprivation（3）What does the underlined word prioritize probably mean? A.Have a low opinion of something.B.Increase the amount of something.C.Cut down something that isnt necessary any more.D.Treat something as being more important than others.（4）What can be the best title for the

10、text? A.Weekend Catch-up Sleep Is a LieB.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to HealthC.A New Study Has an Unexpected DiscoveryD.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Researc

11、hers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中Kenneth Wright说的最后两句话可知：长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活

12、方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。由破折后的句意：减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段就说明了文章中心。第一段段意为：一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解

13、，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someo

14、ne be rude to another person. You dont even have to be the target of the had behavior, stated a researcher. The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to complete online surveys over a 10-day period. Participants recorded th

15、eir moods when they woke up; and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day. Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half h

16、ad some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language. Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from

17、fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their sel

18、f-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness. Consequently, one of the researchers recommended that companies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide pl

19、enty of positive reinforcement (强化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness.（1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show? A.The popularity of rudeness.B.A regular cause of rudeness.C.A new fi

20、nding about rudeness.D.The common disadvantage of rudeness.（2）Why are the short videos played for the participants? A.To make them spread rudeness.B.To educate them on workplace interaction.C.To expose them to various aspects of rudeness.D.To teach them how to use right body languages.（3）What is the

21、 probable effect of watching the videos on some participants? A.Being unwilling to work.B.Poor ability to do their work.C.Serious emotional sufferings.D.Less interaction with others.（4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos? A.People positive and kind to themselves.B.People keeping calm in s

22、tressful situations.C.People owning confidence in others ability.D.People participating in the rudeness experiment.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“You dont even have to be the target of the bad behavior”你甚至不必成为不良行为的目标，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了这种无礼行为的“传染性

23、”之后，是在引出一项关于这种行为的新发现。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind.”每天早上，参与者还观看了一段描述某种工作场所互动的短视频；第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他

24、们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为 和第五段中的“Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however.”然而，并不是所有的参与者都受到了粗鲁视频的影响。可知，让参与者观看视频是为了让他们受到更多的影响而研究他们的情绪变化。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more li

25、kely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result.”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为，而且他们也更有可能逃离同事，以免自己成为无礼行为的受害者。他们报告说，他们的整体工作因此受到影响。可知，一些参与者在观看视频之后会逃避与人交流以免成为受影响者。故选D。 （4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“A few weeks be

26、fore the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.”在研究开始前几周，参与者完成了一项评估，评估内容包括他们的自信心和情绪稳定性

27、等。在这项评估中得分较高的参与者受粗鲁行为影响的可能性明显较低。可知，不易受到影响的人较为冷静沉着。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive m

28、ore attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child. Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newbor

29、ns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the patternA-B-B. Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part o

30、f the brain responsible for speech was more active during the A-B-B pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block o

31、f words and grammar. Position is key to language, she says. If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear. is very different from The bear caught John.” Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, aud

32、io books, the Internet, or smartphonesno matter how educationaldoesnt appear to be enough for childrens brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group whod watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brou