完整版初中英语名词复数语法大全.docx

1、完整版初中英语名词复数语法大全初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数( Singular Form )和复数 (Plural Form) 两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一 个以上的人或物用复数形式。1一般在词尾加 -s。s 在浊辅音后面读 z ，在清辅音后面读 s，在 t后与 t一起读 ts ，在d后与 d一 起读 dz 。例如：book books 书day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees 树2以 s， sh，ch，x 结尾的词在词尾加 -es，读 iz例如：glass glasses 玻璃杯watch watches 手表box boxes 盒子brush br

2、ushes 刷3以 o 结尾的词有些加 -es ，读 z ；有些加 -s，读 s 。例如：tomato tomatoes 西红柿potato potatoes 土豆photo photos 相片radio radios 收音机 zoo zoos 动物园4以 f 或 fe结尾的词，先把 f 改为v，再加es ，读vz 。例如：knife knives 小刀leaf leaves 树叶life lives 生命thief thieves 小偷5以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先把 y改为 i，再加 -es ，读 z。例如：story stories 故事city cities 城市family fami

3、lies 家庭baby babies 婴儿注意： boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具 key keys 钥匙6有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：man men 男人 woman women 妇女tooth teeth 牙齿 foot feet 脚7有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer deer 鹿 sheep sheep 绵羊Chinese Chinese 中国人 Japanese Japanese 日本人8 有些学科名词虽以 s 结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：physics 物理 maths 数学 politics 政治 news 新闻9有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，

4、要当作复数看待。例如：people 人们，人民 police 警察 public 公众 练习、写出下列名词的复数形式。movie olifepiaoknifefryleafphotoradizootomatopotatobuswatchboxbookmapcatfilmdoormonthhorsepicture classboytoothwomaneyetoothGermanChinesemanfootballchildclassroommonkeyFrenchman二、 选择填空：1.There are some on the hill.A.sheeps B. a sheep C. shee

5、p D. sheepes2.Mr Black often gives us by Email.A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good information3.There are some new books in the school library. They are books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4.I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new

6、 .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5.Meimeis handwriting is better than any other in his class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6.The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about .A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walkC. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk7.How many are there

7、 in your class ?A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8.I found my black cat in room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike9.How much are the ?A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10.There are many in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. wome

8、n teachers D. womens teachers11.Three months a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12.There are and on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB.two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC.two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD.two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges、 选择填空：1.The

9、y are A:man doctorB:men doctorsctors2There are five_in the hill.A:sheepB:sheepsD:deers3 Those whitesocks_small.A:areB:isD:do4We have many_ inour school.A:woman teacherB:women teachers5Do you like ?C:men doctor D:manC: gooseC: amC: woman teachers D:women teacherdoA:vegetable B: vegetables6How many do

10、 they have?C:an vegetableA:picture7There are sixA:volleyballleyballs8Are these _A:woman9It is .A:milkD:milks10It s a _A:apple, egggg,cakeB: pictures in the room.B:volleyballsteachers?B:womenB:a milk.It isn t an .B;cake,eggC:a pictureC:a volleyballC:womansC:an molkC:egg,orange,D:volD:e11Tom and Jim a

11、re _A:friendsB:friendC:brotherD:sister12Where are his ?_the dresser.A:keys ,They are on B:key, They are on t is in 13Are those your ?A:bookes B:boxsC:keys, It is atC:applesD:key,ID:apple14There is in our room.A:a picture and five maps ctureB:five mapsand a piC:two pictures and five mapsD: two pictur

12、eand fivemap初中英语语法大全一、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和 复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二） x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三） 1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duti

13、es, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2 ）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o 的加 es ：如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves,

14、leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有： fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有： people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有： police 警察局，警察 , class 班，同学 , family 家， 家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如： action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen

15、pals; 但如果是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。 如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如： fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文 , work 工作 works 作品，工厂 , glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子 , light 光线 lights 灯 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time 时间 times 时代 , 次数 , chic

16、ken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或。s如： Is （I s）, Ks （K。但s如） 是缩略词则只加 s。 如： IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen二、名词的格1当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加 。s如： brother s, Mike s, teacher s二）复数

17、以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加 ，如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如： Teachers Day 教师节 , classmates ; Children s 六Da一y节 , Women s Day 三八节三）由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个 ，s但分别拥有时却分别 按单数形式处理。如： Mike and Ben s room 迈克和本的房间（共住一间）， Mike s and Ben s rooms迈克 和本的房间（各自的房间）2代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数

18、weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthis thatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthese thosethemselves3动词A ） 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加 s ，如下：一）一般在词后加 s 。如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

19、二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三） 1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 。如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2 ）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 结尾加 es 。如： does, goes五）特殊的有： are-is, have-hasB ） 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加 in

20、g 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing 。如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如 show showing, draw-dr

21、awing ）要双写最后的辅音字母再加 ing 。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing 。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于 4形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加 er 或 est（ 如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest,taller tallest,

22、 longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest2)以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外， 如 few-fewer fewest) 结尾的双写 结尾的辅音再加 er /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest3)以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendlies

23、t(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest4)特殊情况： (两好多坏，一少老远 ) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5 数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th ；y 结尾，变为 i, e

24、th跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陈述句 肯定陈述句a)This is a book. (be 动词 )b)He looks very young. ( 连系动词 )c)I want a sweat like this. ( 实义动词 )d)I can bring some things to school. ( 情态

25、动词 )e)There s a computer on my desk. (There be 结构 )否定陈述句 a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look nice.t find her doll.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cane) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句 否定祈使句 a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3.疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is J

26、im a student?b) Can I help you?c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答 :a) Yes, he is.b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does.d) Yes, they do.e) Yes, she is.否定回答 :a) No, he isnbt.) No, you cantc. ) No, she doesn td. ) No, they don te. ) No, she isn t.2) 选择疑问句 Is the tablebig or

27、small? 回答It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle?He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.How do we contact you?My e-mail address is cindyjones 问原因 Why do you wa

28、nt to join the club? 问时间 What s the time? （=What time is it?） It s a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick?At five o clock.When do you want to go?Let s go at 7:00. 问地方 Where s my backpack?It s under the table. 问颜色 What color are they?They are light blue.What s your favo urite colo

29、r?It s black. 问人物 Who s that?It s my sister.Who is the boy in blue?My brother.Who isn t at school?Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 What s this/that （in English）?It s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.（ 11 ）问姓名 Whats your aunt s name?Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first nam