学年人教版高一英语必修三unit 4 教案精选教学文档.docx

1、学年人教版高一英语必修三 unit 4 教案精选教学文档必修三 unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今

2、日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 适用学科要练说，得练听。听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。平时我还通过各

3、种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。 英语家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读能力提高很快。 适用年级一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史

4、。杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。韩非子也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 高一要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导

5、，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）2课时知识点1、本单元重点词汇。2、倍数的表达。3、名词性从句中的主语从句。教学目标1、掌握本单元部分单词和短语的基本词义和用法。2、通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握主语从句的语用功能。教学重点通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。教学难点总结语言材料中有关主语从句的用法和功能并加以应用。教学过程一、 课堂导入Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:Venus is next to Mercury.Earth is th

6、e third planet.Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.Mercury is closest to the sun.二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对主语从句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的课本知识的学习。 三、知识讲解考点/易错点1 重点单词与短语学习violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的(回

7、归课本P25) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.归纳拓展 violent criminals: 使用暴力的罪犯 a violent attack: 猛烈的攻击a violent protest：强烈的抗议 a violent struggle； 激烈的斗争violent winds and storms 狂风暴雨 violent toothache: 剧烈的牙痛in time 及时；最后 (回归课本P25) It exploded loudly with

8、fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后。in time(for sth/ to do sth) : not late 及时；不迟。in/out of time:

9、in/not in the correct time 合/不合节怕。Eg: Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。归纳拓展 The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。in no time 立即；马上 at no time 绝不at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时 ahead of time 提前for the time being 暂时 tak

10、e ones time 别着急；慢慢来Its high time that sb. did/should do sth.（sth）be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。Eg: They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。She is to be honored for this great work. 她（一定）会因这部著作而获得荣誉。

11、归纳拓展be to do sth. 用法 1)表按计划或安排，如：The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time 2) “命运”,将来必然要发生的事, 译作“注定”。 Eg:They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again. 3) 表示“应该”/ “义务” ，相当于should, must, have to . 如：You are to report to the police. 4) 用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustnt。Eg: You are not to smok

12、e in the reading-room5 )表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。Eg: If we are to be there soon, well have to go now. 6）表示可能性,相当于can, may如: Such books are to be found in the library.by doing 用于说明做某事的手段，方式。(回归课本P26) They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。Eg: I dont think she can help him by ju

13、st giving him money. 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。He used to make his living by painting. 他以前是靠画画为生。prevent from doing 阻止某人做某事。(回归课本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。Eg: His heart troubl

14、e did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day. 他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。Nothing can prevent their plans (from) being carried out. 归纳拓展 同义句型stop from doing keep from doing allow 允许 (回归课本P26) allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 它使地球把有害气体溶解在海洋里。allow sb t

15、o do 允许某人做某事。Eg：Her parents wont allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening. Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement.但要注意：“准许做某事”应当是allow doing 不是allow to do。如：Eg：They shouldnt allow parking in this street. Its too narrow. Walking on the grass is not

16、allowed. 不许踩踏草坪。 归纳拓展 let, permit, allowlet允许，让，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态。后接不带to的不定式作宾补。permit v. & allow v. 在许多情况下二者可以通用, 但：permit更正式、积极，多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,语气较强；有“主动许可、正式批准”之意。词义较强allow偏重听任或默许，多指听任或不管教某人做某事。有并不反对或不加阻止的含义，词义较弱。常用句型allow/permit sb. to do sth. be allowed/permitted to do sth. allow/permit doing s

17、th. eg：The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.now that 既然(回归课本P31)Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.Now (that)/ seeing (that)/considering (that) / in that鉴于某个事实，原因是，用法与since接近not thatbut that 不是因为，而是因为; on ground(s) that 理由是归纳拓展 区分 now that,

18、 because, since, as, for1)Because 直接的原因，有较强的因果关系。(2)As 由于，比because 弱。(3)now that“既然；由于”that可省略 ,强度更弱 (4)since 既然，表既成的事实，可与now that互换。 (5) for 因为,并列连词,前面用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明原因。break out 突发；爆发。(回归课本P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.归纳拓展br

19、eak up 关系的破裂，打碎；解散；放假 break down (机器的）故障；(精神、身体)崩溃；(谈判，计划)失败break off 停止，中断 break in 闯入；插话 break into 强行进入某处；突然开始(大笑、欢呼等)break through 突破；强行穿过 break away from.脱离考点/易错点2 重点句子分析【教材原句】What it was to become was a mystery until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust began to slowly combine i

20、nto a ball moving around the sun. P25随后它会变成什么没人能知道，知道38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。【句法分析】1、 此处what it was to became 是主语从句， 其中what既引导主语从句，又在从句中做become的宾语。untila solid globe 是until 引导的时间状语；在该时间状语中， when the dust settled into a solid globes 是定语从句，修饰between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。2、 was to become 所

21、用的结构是： be to do， 表示将要发生的事情。【教材原句】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。【句法分析】1、 句中it是形式主语，代替whether引导的主语从句。2、 需要注意的是，表示“是否”时，引导主语从句只用whether，不可用if。可单用whether，也可用whether or。Eg：It is not clear whether the US will withdraw its

22、 troops from Iraq next year. = Whether the US withdraw its troops from Iraq next year is not clear. It is still a question whether they will come or not. = Whether they will come or not is still a question.【教材原句】 What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on

23、its surface.更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球表面就开始出现了水。【句法分析】1、 句中What is even more important 是主语从句；that as 是由 that引导的表语从句。2、 as the earth cooled down在表语从句中做时间状语。3、 cool down 在此次是 “冷却下来”。Eg: The hot metal contracts as it cools down.4、 cool sb down，作及物或不及物动词短语，表示“使某人冷静、镇静或降低热情”。Eg： Mother gave the little girl some c

24、hocolate to calm her down.【教材原句】 Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆上生活，也能在海里生存。【句法分析】1、 called amphibians, 是一个过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰others。此处用逗号隔开，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。过去分词作后置定语常以两种形式出现。1） 位于被修饰词之后，前后有逗号隔开。A pop group, called S.H.E, is coming to give a co

25、ncert. 2) 位于被修饰词之后，无逗号隔开。 An explorer sent by China has landed on Mars.2、 as well as是一个连词词组，用于连接两个相同的成分，着重点在前者。The robot dances as well as sings.【教材原句】 Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它们为什么突然灭绝至今仍然是个谜。【句法分析】1、 Why they suddenly disappeared 是why引导的主语从句。2、 remain在此是系动词，意为“继续存在，留下

26、”。此词无被动语态，不用于进行时。【教材原句】 So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否被解决。【句法分析】1、 这是一个复合句，主语和宾语是分别由两个whether引导的名词性从句组成的。2、 millions of year 意为“数百万年”。3、 years to come 意为“未来数年”， in the years t

27、o come”在未来数年里“，当介词用for时，动词要用延续性动词，for表示延续的时间。4、 depend on 在句中表示“取决于“，还可以表示”依靠“。介词on可用upon替换。考点/易错点3 语法点学习 主语从句主语从句：在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。主语从句用法：一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。What they are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但

28、若用it作形式主语， that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。That money doesnt grow on trees should be obvious.金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。It is obvious（that）money doesnt grow on trees .显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？注意：1）选用what还是用that引导主语从句

29、要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。What he said is true.他说的是真的。（what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。）That China is a great socialist country is well known.（=Its well known that）众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。（that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。）2）it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为：“I

30、t is（或was）+强调部分+that（或who）”强调句去掉It is（或was）that（或who）框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday. (强调主语)3）常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构：*It is+形容词（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。Its necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。Its

31、strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。*It is+名词（a fact，a pity ，no wonder，good news，等）+that从句Its a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。*It is+过去分词（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that从句Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。*It +不及物动词（seems，appears，happens， matters等）+that从句It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念（常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式：What we need is water. 我们需要的是水。What we