浅析发达国家对中小企业融资的政策扶持商务英语.docx

1、浅析发达国家对中小企业融资的政策扶持商务英语题目：The Supporting Policies of Developed Countries on the Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises浅析发达国家对中小企业融资的政策扶持AbstractSmall and medium-sized enterprises are not only an important part of the national economy and play a strategic role in the economic development of China b

2、ut also in other countries around the world. Economists all over the world generally believe that small and medium-sized enterprises will be the main driving force of economic development in the century. Viewed from a certain angle we can see that the process of world economic development, many smal

3、l and medium-sized enterprises around the world have exposed some deep-seated problems in their growth. What surprised us is that the technological level is backward, the labor productivity is low, and the market competitiveness is relatively weak. Governments have adopted a series of fiscal and oth

4、er supporting policies to promote the growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in their country. In the process of growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, due to internal factors of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the external environ

5、ment of “market failure”, there are still many restrictive factors in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. As Chinas financial policy which support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not perfect and there are few research results on supporting the financial po

6、licy system of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is theoretical and practical significance in the new period to study and explore the regularity of the development mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country and to quote foreign advanced financial policies to promote their he

7、althy growth. Based on the advanced experience of foreign countries and the specific national conditions of our country, this paper puts forward the overall framework of fiscal policy to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. It provides theoretical guidance for perf

8、ecting the current financial policy of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country，and makes these policy suggestions have certain practical reference value.Key words: Small and medium-sized enterprises; Supporting Policy; Foreign GovernmentOutlineThesis Statement: The Supporting Policies of D

9、eveloped Countries on the Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises. Introduction to the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Their FinancingA. Basic Concepts B. The Roles of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise in Social and Economic Development C. The Financing Patterns of Small and Medium-sized En

10、terprises. The Causes of the Enterprises Financing Predicament A. The Enterprises Own Deficiencies 1. Lack of Management System 2. Lack of Financial Regulations3. Lack of Credit SystemB. Defective Supporting Policies of the Government 1. Lack of Laws on Credit Guarantee 2. Lack of Clear and Legal Ba

11、sis Between Enterprises. Successful Supporting Policies of Developed CountriesA. Supporting Policies of the United StatesB. Supporting Policies of GermanyC. Supporting Policies of JapanD. Supporting Policies of Korea. Enlightenment of Foreign Governments Supporting Policies for Small and Medium-size

12、d EnterprisesA.Market-based Support ModeB.Improve Relevant Supervision SystemC.Supporting Policy for Science, Technology, Innovation and Employment. ConclusionThe Supporting Policies of Developed Countries on the Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises. Introduction to the Small and Medium-sized E

13、nterprises and TheirFinancingA. Basic Concepts As the standard of division of small and medium-sized enterprises is constantly changing, the relevant departments had been adjusted the concept of small and medium-sized enterprise for six times. Each adjustment not only helped people to recognize the

14、main character of small and medium-sized enterprises but also laid a solid foundation for the specific criterion. From the initial division that based on the number of workers to the latest partition that is more comprehensive, we can see that the advancement of our national economy. Besides, we als

15、o find the diversity and complexity of small and medium-sized enterprises in our nation, which coincide with Chinese economic development climate that changes from central planning to market economy. Therefore, the criterion of small and medium-sized enterprises should be enhanced. In recent years,

16、the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology the National Bureau of Statistics, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance have studied and published the Regulations on the Standardization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Owing to the fact that our speci

17、fic national condition, the market economy is still undeveloped, so that the division of small and medium- sized enterprises that based on industry s sub-division will be more understandable and reasonable. On the other hand, figures released by the relevant institution tell that according to the nu

18、mber of employees or the sales or the total amount of assets small and medium-sized enterprises in our country are the cornerstone of the national economy and social development, which absorb 3/4 of the industrial labor force, solving the massive labor force both from urban and rural. Thats why peop

19、le consider the small and medium-sized enterprises as the backbone for national economy and social development. Apart from certain industry, such as construction business, mining industry, other industries will no longer need to be listed. As result, numerous enterprises meet the standards and be co

20、nsider as small and medium-sized enterprises. B. The Roles of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise in Social and Economic DevelopmentThe number of small and medium- sized enterprises is dominant, so that whether in the developed and developing country, the statue of small and medium-sized enterprises i

21、s very important. Evidently, with the rapid advancement of peoples income, the total contribution rate of employment of small and medium-sized enterprise is expected to soar. According to the associated statistic, the rate in developing countries is about 17.5% and 57.25% in the developed counties.

22、Furthermore, the total contribution rate of GDP is also increasing, which is 15.56% in developing countries and 51.54% in developed countries.In 1958, Stiegler published “economies of scale”, putting forward the concept of optimal size of an enterprise, denying the view that the larger the enterpris

23、e is, the more efficient it is. Via empirical research, Stiegler points out that if all enterprises in an industry use the same resources, the long-term cost curve is only the lowest point, which means that there is only one scale of output is economic. As a matter of fact, however, the resources th

24、at owned by the enterprise cannot either be homogeneous, nor can the efficiency of resource utilization be identical, so that the topgallant size is not the only one. Therefore, Steigler points out that the size of a company that survives in long-term competition is superior than that others. This i

25、ndicate that small and medium-sized enterprises do not need to envy large enterprises if they get into the conditions of survive.Thanks to the small scale, the small and medium-sized enterprises have the beneficial enterprise reform. Compared with transnational companies, they can reform themselves

26、with low cost and minimum social impact. The reform practice of small and medium-sized enterprises has provided rich experience for the establishment of socialist market economy system in our country, meanwhile, the advancement and expansion of the small and medium-sized enterprises have made the ma

27、jor elements of the market more diversified, which promoted the reform of the state-owned enterprises and the extinction of the monopoly industry in our country. Besides, it is benefits to create a dynamic market economy environment. As most of the small and medium-sized enterprises in our country a

28、re located at the edge of the city which is the area of the combination of urban and rural areas, so that the small and medium-sized enterprises play a crucial link between the complementary and coordinated development of urban and rural economy. They are the cradle of large-scale enterprises and gr

29、oups, and many large-scale, successful enterprises are important partners in the industrial chain of large-scale enterprises, which come from the gradual growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Centralizing resources to enhance scientific and technological innovation and core competitiveness,

30、thereby enhancing the overall economic growth level of the country.C. The Financing Patterns of Small and Medium-sized EnterprisesThe so-called financing structure usually refers to the organic structure of the funds borrowed by enterprises through different channels and the proportion of various ca

31、pital funds in the total financing when obtaining the source of funds. Before the end, the main financing models in the world can be classified into two different types: one is the bank-led financing model, mainly represented by Germany and Japan. The characteristics of this financing model is that

32、enterprises borrow money from banks to finance. Another is the market-led financing model, which is mainly represented by the United States and Britain. Its main feature is that enterprises raise money through capital markets, such as issuing stocks or bonds. The financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises are obvious, and most of them lack economies of scale and lack of competition from market. According to some surveys, the financing order of the major private enterprises in our country is roughly enterprise accumulation, bank or credit union loans, relatives and friends