专八听力minilecture真命题及答案解析.docx

1、专八听力minilecture真命题及答案解析2015英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURELISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREUnderstanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I. Understand all (1) _A. wordsB. (2) _-stress-

2、intonation-(3) _ II. Adding informationA. lecturers: sharing information with audienceB. listeners: (4) _C. sources of information-knowledge of (5) _-(6) _ of the world D. listening involving three steps: -hearing-(7) _-addingIII. (8) _A. reasons:-overcome noise-save time B. (9) _ -content -organiza

3、tion IV. Evaluating while listeningA. helps to decide the (10) _ of notesB. helps to remember information答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance20152014ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8) PART

4、I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE How to Reduce Stress Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it. I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction i.e. respon

5、se to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tension II. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress where it occurs: test-taking situations, friends death III. Ways

6、to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately reason for planning (8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) acce

7、pt e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities manageable task (10) (10) reasonable speed 2013SECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting

8、 goalsB. while reading: (1) _II. (2) _ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.- connections between the known and the new information- identification of (3) _ concepts- judgment on the value of (4) _.III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5) _.B. before note-taking: liste

9、ning and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) _.B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) _.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward re

10、sponsibility- active learners: accept- passive learners: (8) _B. attitude toward (9) _- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) _.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.参考

11、答案：1. checking their understanding2. reflective on information3. incomprehensible4. what you read5. organized6. monitoring their understanding7. differentiate8. blame9. performance10. active learningSection A Mini-lecture或者1、checking understanding。2、reflective3、puzzling/confusing4、what is read5、comp

12、rehensive and organized6、constant understanding monitoring/monitoring their understanding7、differ8、blame others9、poor performance10、school work/studies2012 Observation People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observa

13、tion and research observation. Differences - daily life observation -casual -(1) _ -dependence on memory - research observation - (2) _ - careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in research - time sampling - systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour - random: fixed intervals but (3) _ Sys

14、tematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. - (4) _ - definition: selection of different locations - reason: humans or animals behaviour (5) _ across circumstances - (6) _: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _ - observation with intervention - partici

15、pant observation: researcher as observer and participant - field experiment: research (8) _ over conditions - observation without intervention - purpose: describing behaviour (9) _ - (10) _ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorder1: rarely formal records 2: systematic objective manner 3: va

16、riable4: situation sampling 5: vary 6: advantage 7: as it occurs 8: have more control 9: in natural setting 10: method Interview2011 Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in rela

17、tions between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)_ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)_ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)_ - conc

18、ept of time - belief in (5)_ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)_ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language -

19、more concern for (7)_ - attitude toward time - concept of time: (8)_ - dislike of (9)_ - time seen as commodity III. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions - relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. - (10)_ in successful communication1. apart from the message 2.wha

20、t is happening 3.closeness 4.body language 5.multiple 6.in itself 7.the message itself 8.punctuality means everything 9.lateness 10.accounts 1. and significance 2. the context 或 what is doing 3. closeness to people 4. body language 5. polychronic 6. in itself 7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. laten

21、ess 10. multicultural situation 2010Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.Fir

22、st category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_: to express attitude or intention (1)_Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_: unimportance (2)_4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial express

23、ions(3)_ (3)_- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions- eye brow raising: surprise or interest- lip biting: (4)_ (4)_gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture- shrugging shoulders: (5) _ (5)_- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures- placing hand upon heart:(6)_

24、(6)_- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers- closeness: intimacy or threat- (7)_: formality or absence of interest (7)_Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_ -specific. (8)_posture- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_ (9

25、)_- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing- definition: imitation of similar posture- (10)_: aid in communication (10)_- conscious imitation: mockery1 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal。 4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance。 8 s

26、ituation。 9 mood。 10 unconsciously same posture2009Writing Experimental ReportsI. Content of an experimental report, e.g.- study subject/ area- study purpose- _1_II. Presentation of an experimental report- providing details- regarding readers as _2_III. Structure of an experimental report- feature:

27、highly structured and _3_- sections and their content:INTRODUCTION _4_。 why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULT what you found out_5_ what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership- _6_: reader is the marker- _7_: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of yo

28、ur study- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:introduction to relevant areanecessary background informationdevelopment of clear argumentsdefinition of technical termsprecise description of data _8_V. Demands and expectations in report writing- early stage:understanding of study subject/area a

29、nd its implications basic grasp of the reports format- later stage: _9_ on research significance- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:Inadequate material _10_ of research justification for the studyMINI-LECTURE 1. Study result/ findings 2. Audience 3. Disciplined 4. what you did 5. DISCUSSION 6. a common mistake 7. in reality 8. obtained / that you obtained 9. attention