大学英语六级翻译整理全.docx

1、大学英语六级翻译整理全英语六级翻译指导及练习翻译策略1) 分句法 把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。 例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。 译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句) 例2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了) 例3 The mother

2、might have spoken with understandable pride of her child. 译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开) 例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before. 译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开) 2)合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。 译文:She had made severa

3、l attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句) 例6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。 译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句) 例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 译文：我们

4、对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句) 翻译练习 1._ (通过体育锻炼)，we can always stay healthy. 2.According to the scientific research , _ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true? 3._ (我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge. 4.As is known to all, _ (假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers. 5.Faced with failure,some people

5、can stand up to it, _ (从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. 答案及解析 1. By taking exercises 解析：通过锻炼，我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式，through表示途径。 By taking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”，而through后接名词哦。2. listening to music enables us to fe

6、el relaxed 解析：“听音乐”在句中作主语，“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实，enable就有“能够使某人”的含义，注意enable sb. to do 的表达。 3. On no account can we解析：本题是强调语气，强调“决不能”，所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case等。不管用哪一个，都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的，因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。 4. fake and inferior commodities

7、解析：“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义：一是假货，二是次品，在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake，“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差，也可以用commodity of low quality。 5. draw useful lessons from it 解析：句意为：面对失败，有的人能够顽强抵抗，从中吸取教训，努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成，谓语动词分别是stand up to“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断，从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标，

8、因此加上修饰语useful，使内容更明确。翻译语序 1) 定语位置的调整 汉语的定语，无论是单用还是几个连用，通常都放在所修饰的名词之前。而在英语里，单词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的中心词之前，词组，短语和从句作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词之后。汉语的定语译成英语时，有的可能是单词，有的可能是短语，有的可能是从句。对这些成分的安排，要依据英语的语言习惯来处理。反之亦然。 例1 实现我国社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。 译文: The socialist modernization of our country is a task that we must do our utmost t

9、o fulfill. 汉语中作现代化定语的社会主义在英语中只需要一个单词socialist 就可以表明，按照英语的习惯，放在所修饰的中心词modernization之前。但是原文中我国翻成英语就不是简简单单的一个词了，而是一个介词短语of our country，置于中心词现代化之后，成为后置定语。英译时，任务的定语努力完成的是一个从句that we must do our utmost to fulfil，按照英语习惯，应放在所修饰的中心词task之后。 例2 She was very happy to meet the artist who painted the picture. 译文:

10、 她很高兴能够遇到那幅画的艺术家。 全句的宾语是艺术家，英语里修饰the artist的成分在the artist之后，这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时，就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词艺术家之前。 2)状语位置的调整 汉语中状语习惯于放在主语之后，谓语之前。但有时为了强调也可以放在主语之前。英语中状语的位置要灵活得多。就单词状语而言，它可以位于句首，句中，句末。较长的状语常被置于句首或句末，句中的情况极少。因此，在汉英，英汉互译时，状语位置的变换调整极为复杂。 例3上星期五我们在那家新餐馆尽情地吃了一顿。 译文：We ate to our hearts content at the

11、 new restaurant last Friday. 原文中，上星期五放在句首，并且在那家新餐馆之前，而译文中却将时间状语和地点状语的位置颠倒了过来。这样一来，既准确地表达了原文意思，又符合了英文语序习惯。所以我们可以得出结论：英语里如果句子既有地点状语又有时间状语，一般地点状语在前，时间状语在后。汉语里则往往把它们置于句首或谓语前，而且通常时间状语在地点状语之前。 Exercise Five 1._ (他们没有去游泳)，they went to play football that day. 2.There is no doubt that _ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨). 3.He

12、 cannot win a good reputation，_ (因为他多嘴多舌). 4.We have reasons to believe that, _ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们). 5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society，_ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose. 1. Instead of going swimming 解析：原文中没有并不一定要对应成didnt，这里我们可以使用instead of，使译

13、文简洁明了，合乎英语习惯。采用正译法，用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的没有去。从本题及Exercise Two中的第二题我们可以得出结论：汉译英时，可以灵活变换句型，充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构，以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看，后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词(如but)，因此They didnt go swimming也是不成立的，不符合句法规范。 2. the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices 解析：考生要注意分清result from 和result t in的区别。result

14、 from指be caused by(由.产生)，是指原因;result in指cause，lead to(导致.)，是指结果。本题还有一个考点就是：做翻译时，应尽量照顾并行结构的前后一致，如：the increase in demand and the rise in prices。 3. because he has a loose tongue 解析：多嘴多舌显然有gossip的意思。因此我们在翻译时应先挖掘其深层含义，再用适当的英文表达出来。答案because he has a loose tongue看起来与原文并不对应，但却形象地讲内涵表达了出来。其他类似的翻译还有：a bitte

15、r tongue(刻薄嘴);a long tongue(快嘴);a rough tongue(粗鲁话);a sharp tongue(言语尖刻);a silver tongue(流利的口才);a smooth tongue(油嘴滑舌)。 4. we would have a better and brighter future 解析：本题意为：我们有理由相信，一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们。句子需填入部分特别容易被译成：a better and brighter future waits for us。这是因为受到了中文母语的干扰，思维被中文的语序牵着跑。如果这样译的话就会导致前后半句的主语发

16、生转换，前面是we，后面是the future。这种转换在英文里就会显得非常突兀，不符合英文表达习惯。因此我们可以在汉译英稍作变通，将前后主语统一为we。本题还有一点考生要留意的是，是否能分清wait和await的使用区别。两者都表示等待，wait是不及物动词，必须后接介词for;await是及物动词，可以后接人。 5. but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly 解析：本句考生特别容易译成：the prepared and the qualified。定冠词the加上形容词可以表示某一类人。the prepa

17、red and the qualified就指代作了准备的人和有资格的人，但遗漏了原文中的充分和高度。由于原句的修饰部分内容很多，因此不适宜用the +形容词的结构来指代某一类人。对于这种情况我们可以采用某一类人+后置定语的方法。这样答案就是but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly。全句的意思是：在我们的社会里，人人都有许多机遇，但是只有那些作好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。 六级翻译练习题 希望能满足你的需求1. _（我没有买到一张好票）for yesterdays movie.2. Its

18、 confirmed that _（铁路将延伸到我们村子）.3. The new manager of our company _（有很强的事业心）.4. When I walked past his house，_（我听见他在弹钢琴）.5. _（学生们应该从这里得出一条经验）：Dont be misled by false appearances.答案解析：1. I didnt buy a good seat2. the railway will be extended to our village3. is a man of great enterprise4. I heard him p

19、laying the piano5. Students should draw a lesson here1. We had better _（天天锻炼身体）.2. _（为了不影响他们），we left quietly.3. _（我答复她）that I would accept her invitation.4. According to the newly-announced policy，we should _（努力搞活国有大中型企业）.5. It has become an utmost urgency that _（必须清除政府中的贪污腐化现象）.答案解析：1. take exerci

20、se everyday2. Not to disturb them3. I replied to her 4. invigorate the large5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption1. In the old society，five hundred million careworn people _ （生活在水深火热之中）.2. We think it most important that _（理论与实际相结合）3. _（不论晴雨），well have to go tomorrow.4.This i

21、s _（正是要找的人）we are looking for.5. Their income is _（一般家庭的35倍）.答案解析：1. were plunged into a dire suffering2. theory be combined with practice 3. Rain or shine 4. no other than the man 5. three to five times that of ordinary households1 This is yet_ （两国人民的又一个共同点）.2. His scientific works _（在英语国家得到广泛阅读）.3

22、. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces，_（改革也是解放生产力）.4.He is optimistic _（对现时信息产业的发展状况）.5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and _（服务于经济发展的进程）.答案解析：1. another common point between the people of our two countries2. were widely read in English-speaking countries3.and so

23、does reform4. about the present development of information industry5. serve the economic development1. _ （如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话），there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men.2. When it is short of water，a plant _（一般用蒸发作为降温的手段）.3. He has never mixed with them or _（同他们坦城交流），but has demanded

24、and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.4.Your Math instructor would have been happy _（给你一次补考机会的）had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.5. _（随着孩子们在经济上独立出来）of the family，the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protect

25、ion to saving for the retirement years.答案解析：1. If machines really thought as men do2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling 3. spoken to them on equal terms4. to give you a make-up examination 5. As the children become financially independent1. We need not only be under various external pr

26、essures, but also _ （也要面对内心的困惑）.2. Would you _（愿意来参加我们的晚会）on Friday?3. After the operation， _（他的身体很健康）.4. Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival？ _（当然啦）.5. _（我只发现了几个错误）in your composition.答案解析：1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities2. come to our evening party3. he is in good

27、health/hes healthy 4. Sure/ Certainly5. I found a few mistakes1. _（青少年犯罪的主要原因是由于）that social environment is becoming worse.2. The workmen think _（遵守安全规则很重要）.3. The new government was accused _（未实现其降低失业率的承诺）. 4. Only with combined efforts，_（我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌）.5. Several thousands of quake-smitten inhab

28、itants _（得到了政府充分的救济）.答案解析：1. The main reason why juveniles commit crimes is2. it crucial to abide by the safety regulations3. of unfulfilling his promise to lower the unemployment rate4. can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course5. got plentiful relief from the government. Its believed th

29、at mixed-ability teaching can _（促使他们知识的积累和经历的丰富）.2. We _（使我们的行为符合别人的）based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.3. The class are very active. They _（争先恐后地回答问题）.4. Oxygen is _（一种能和许多物质化合的气体）.5. Mr. Smith is _（这次事故的目击者之一）.答案解析： 1. enrich their knowledge and experience2. fit our actions to those of other people3. vie with each other in answering questions4. a gas whic