高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高2014年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 拉分题（较难题目）特训：节能环保类1The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals (个体) for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-based group honors environmental activists from six different areas. The first three winners o

2、f the 2012 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China. The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam wil

3、l harm the lake and restrict (限制) the flow of water for people who live nearby. The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the areas natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel (镍) on the island.

4、 The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project. In China, Ma June is working with businesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about polluti

5、on, and publishes it on the Internet. The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States. Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide (杀虫剂) products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of can

6、cer. Sofia Gatica believed that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas. Evgenia Chirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow.

7、She has demanded that Russian officials redirect the road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support. The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannona community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Canno

8、n is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exploration. 60. We can know from the passage that _. A. the dam project has been preventedB. the first three activists are all from Asia C. a European company is going to dig for nickelD. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration61.

9、From the 7th paragraph, we can know that _. A. pesticide use accounts for a high-rate of cancerB. Sofia managed to ban the use of chemicalsC. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted products D. the death of the baby was due to delayed treatment62. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova？A. She plans t

10、o build a road to protect the forest. B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road. C. She persuaded the government to set her followers free. D. Her environmental action has been widely acknowledged. 63. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Six Advanced Individuals for Hard W

11、orkB. Efforts to Create a Clean and Beautiful WorldC. Six Environmental Activists Win Goldman PrizeD. The Goldman Environmental Foundation Prize2SCS Global Services （SCS） has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carbon sequestration（封存） ability of soil under the Verified（验证） Carbon Standard

12、 （VCS）, a leading greenhouse gas （GHG） accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Partners, will allow land managers who sequester GHGs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the voluntary market.Managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequ

13、estration in soil by practices such as changing grazing（放牧） practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the Palouse River and Columbia Plateau

14、 regions in the Pacific Northwest.“The VCS program has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset（抵消，补偿） projects, said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice President of SCS.SCS looks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects t

15、hat use this very powerful new methodology.The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. The methodology was developed by The Earth Partners and verified by Environmental Services, Inc. as well as SCS Globa

16、l Services. It is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the VCS.This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market, said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairman of Applied Ecological Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Partners. Acco

17、rding to Apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest living sink of carbon on the planet.68. The new methodology is assessed according to.A. The Earth PartnersB. the Verified Carbon StandardC. Environmental Services, Inc.D. Applied Ecological Services, Inc.69. Carbon sequestration in soil can be s

18、trengthened by.A. selling carbon credits in the voluntary marketB. changing grazing practices and operating treatmentsC. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groupsD. decreasing farmlands in the Pacific Northwest70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The VCS program

19、 proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already been approved for use.C. The new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.D. Soils seem to be the largest living sink of carbon on the planet.71. What is the attitude of SCS towards the

20、 new methodology?A. Opposed.B. Cautious.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.3Rainforest is home to around two-thirds of all plant and animal species found on landin addition to millions of people who depend on them for survivalour remaining ancient forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems known to scien

21、ce. They are also vitally important to the health of our planet, especially when it comes to regulating the climate. But ancient forests around the world are under attack. Protecting rainforests is on the global agenda (议事日程) in a big way. Governments now recognize the importance of protecting tropi

22、cal forests in order to avoid dangerous climate change, and there is now much debate. As governments try to thrash out the details of a new international agreement, expected to be signed at the end of 2009, they are discussing how best to include measures to save rainforests, and therefore address o

23、ne of the major causes of climate change. Worldwide, forest destruction causes more greenhouse gas emissions (排放) each year than do all the trains, planes and cars on the planet. So if we are to deal with global warming, there is an urgent need to find ways to reduce the 20% of global greenhouse gas

24、 emissions caused by forest destruction each year, and to keep the remaining forests standing. We need to protect the planets remaining forests not only to stop climate change from getting worse, but to ensure that we can stand the impacts of global warming. Healthy forests absorb and store quantiti

25、es of carbon, helping to regulate temperature and generate rain. When they are destroyed, this carbon is released into the atmosphere. Thus keeping forests standing is both a critical part of regulating climate change and of adapting to a warmer world. To date, most of the talk has focused on how to

26、 pay for reducing deforestation (滥伐森林), rather than on how to actually go about doing it. We believe governments need to support local people to protect their environment, as we have been showing for 20 years can be a very effective way of saving rainforests. 1. The best title for the passage is. A.

27、 Rainforest and Climate ChangeB. Strategies on Protecting RainforestC. Serious Deforestation to RainforestD. Present Situation of Rainforest2. From the first paragraph we can infer that. A. we have little rainforest left until nowB. the ancient forests are being destroyedC. rainforest control the pl

28、anet in many waysD. Rainforest is home to all plants and animals on earth3. The underlined part “thrash out” in the second paragraph means. A. try to understandB. come up withC. hide awayD. have a thorough discussion4. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction. A. are the same amount by

29、transport on earthB. take 20% of global greenhouse gas emissionsC. can be avoided by setting measures onlyD. have nothing to do with climate change5. From the text we can learn that healthy forest. A. can keep us healthy and happyB. can increase the effect from global warmingC. can be helpful in adj

30、usting the temperature D. can give out large amounts of carbon4Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find. Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as h

31、ad been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, suc

32、h as fertilizer use and sewage discharges. “Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “Much of this nitrogen is