名词性从句总结以及注意点.docx

1、名词性从句总结以及注意点名词性从句总结以及注意点名词性从句第一节 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词有：that, whether, who, which, what, when, where, how, why等That she was invited to the ball made her very happy.Whether he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free.Which team will win the match is

2、 still unknown.What interests you doesnt interest him.Where they had stayed was still unknown.When they will have a meeting hasnt been decided.注意：1从句作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Who will go is not important.2为了调节句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。It is a pity that he didnt come yesterday.Its necessary that every League member (sho

3、uld) take the lead and work well.Its suggested that a modern hotel (should) be put up at the foot of the hill.3陈述句部分的主语是从句时，其反意疑问句部分的主语用it.How he became a scientist is known to us all, isnt it?第二节 宾语从句作动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。以连词 that who whom whose what 等引导，在句子中充当宾语I think (that) you will like the pictures.

4、I feel it important that they finish their own task in time.They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.You can write about whatever topic you can think of.一 宾语从句三原则：语序；时态；引导词。1.语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序。I wonder what he is writing to me about但是：whats the matter/wrong (with)语序不变.The owner came up

5、 to see what was the matter with me/what was wrong with me2.时态：宾语从句谓语动词的时态与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致。(1).如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句用它本身的时态。I hear he will come back in an hour.(2).如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句则用相应的过去时态。She said that he had never been to the Great Wall.(3).如果宾语从句的内容是客观真理时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时。The teacher told us

6、that the earth goes around the sun. / light travels faster than sound.3.引导词：（1）由that引导（2）由if/whether引导（3）由特殊疑问词引导二 it在宾语从句中的应用：1. vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause 或wh-clause。She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.2.i)在主谓宾结构中，有一些习惯上不以that-clause或 wh-clause从句直接作宾语的动词，如果要接宾语从句，往往需要在从

7、句前加上形式宾语it. The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.报纸说有几家日本公司已破产这类动词还有：have（表明，坚持说）,take（认为）,hide（隐瞒）,love ,like，dislike, hate, enjoy ii) 在主谓宾结构中, 如果谓语动词是短语动词，即动词+介词，一般不能that接从句。如果接从句，必须加上形式宾语it. I will answer for it that Lao Ma will accomplish the task.我担保老马能完成这项任务Look t

8、o it that you make no more similar mistakes.注意今后你不再犯类似的错误了I am counting on it that you will come.我期待着你的到来这类动词还有：depend on, see to etc.iii)某些固定搭配之后如果接that宾语从句,也必须使用作形式宾语it.We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.这次事故没造成严重的后果全靠你I didnt send you an invitation, as I took it for granted that

9、 you would be coming.因为我认为你当然会来,所以没有给你发请柬三1 否定的转移 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等表示看法的动词时,宾语从句中谓语动词的否定式,习惯上前移到主句的谓语动词上.I dont think that he will be back until nine.2 复杂疑问句/双重疑问句特殊疑问词+do you think/ believe/ suppose/imagine etc+其它部分（陈述句语序）?Who do you guess that girl in red is?Who do

10、 you imagine will speak at the meeting tomorrow?3 -Will they be ready tomorrow?-Yes, I think so. (Yes, I think that they will be ready tomorrow)so 用来替代某一些动词(think, believe, suppose, imagine, hope etc) 后面的that从句. -Will they attend the meeting next month? -No, I dont believe so (I believe not)在替代否定概念，

11、既可以用so，也可以用not.但是：在hope和be afraid后在替代否定概念只能是not，不能是so.-Do you think well have bad weather? -I hope not.-Have you got a work permit? -Im afraid not.第三节 表语从句含有表语从句的复合句，其主句的主语常常用fact, idea, opinion, problem, question, reason, result或者由what引起的主语从句。引导表语从句连接代词或者连接副词除常用that以外,who, which, what, whether, whe

12、n, where, why, how, because, as, as if/as though等。如：The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.What we want to know is whether your products came up to the standardShenzhen is no longer what it used to be.This is how they overcame the difficulties.It sounds as if/though somebody was

13、 knocking at the door.注意：先说结果，后说原因，用This/That is because先说原因，后说结果，用That/This is why当主语是reason时，引导表语从句的连接词只能用that ，如He is absent. This is because he is ill./ He is ill. That is why he is absent./ The reason why he is absent is that he is ill.第四节 同位语从句1 先行词与连接代词或者连接副词的选择常见的可以跟同位语从句的名词有：fact, news, hop

14、e, belief, truth, message, word, idea, doubt, question, problem, reason, order, suggestion, 等。引导同位语从句连接代词或者连接副词除常用that以外,who, which, what, whether, when, where, why, how等。如：I have no idea whether he can manage to do that himself.I have no idea where he spent the night.The question how the students c

15、ould improve their spoken English is very important2 同位语从句与定语从句的区别He made a decision that surprised all of us.He has made a decision that he will set up a new factory.同位语从句说明名词的具体内容。that和whether只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which或if代替；其他的连接词在同位于从句中作句子成分，但不是指代前面的名词，而是有自身疑问意思。定语从句说明名词的性质、特征。3 分隔同位语从句当主句的谓语部

16、分过短时，同位语从句放在谓语动词的后面，以免头重脚轻，句子不平衡。The story goes that William Tell did kill the ruler with that arrow.Information has been put forward that more middle-school graduates will be admitted into universities第五节 名词性从句几点说明一 what/ that 1. whati) 在名词性从句中通常作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。1) What is hard is to do good all one

17、s life and never do anything bad.What was once regarded as possible has bow become a reality.What you say may well be true.(“的东西”；“的事情”；“的话”；相当于the thing(s) which/that; all that)2) After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from what she used to be.(“的人”相当于the person that) 3) This is wh

18、at the children call “home”. 这就是孩子们称之为“家”的地方What is now the primary school was once an old temple. 现在是小学的地方曾是一座古庙 (“的地方”相当于the place that)4) After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed! 好像过了好长一段时间后，我睁开双眼，却发现自己躺在床上！Times arent what they were. 时代不同了(“的时间”相当于 the time t

19、hat）5) Your mothers health is not what it used to be. (what相当于the health that)6) The population is now double what it was ten year ago.（what相当于the number that）They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state.（what相当于the money that）ii) 在名词性从句中作定语。Dont worry. I will give you what he

20、lp I can 别担心，我一定尽我所能帮你Ill lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我愿把我用不着的但为数不多的参考书全部借给你We contributed what little money we had towards the earthquake-stricken area.我们把为数不多的钱全部捐献给地震灾区iii) 用来表示比喻“A is to B what C is to D” 意思是：“A对于B 犹如C对于D 一样”Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body. 美德

21、对于心灵犹如健康对于人的身体The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. 人民军队的离不开人民，就象鱼离不开水一样2 that1)that在名词性从句中，没有实在含义，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。解题思路：what和that的选择看从句中是否缺少成分；看从句的意思是否完整。What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present.That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everyone present.The proble

22、m is what we should do to protect the earth from being polluted.The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth from being polluted.2) that在主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句中通常不能省略，也不能用which代替。3) that 引导宾语从句时, that可以省略。 I hope (that) we can adapt ourselves to the new situation.但是：i).在介词之后不可省略。She knew n

23、othing about his journey but/except that he was likely to be away for three months.ii)两个或更多的由that引导的宾语从句并列时，仅可省略第一个连词that。He said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasnt hungry.iii)that 引导的宾语从句中带有主从复合句时，that通常不可省略。Do

24、nt you know that what he has done is right?二 if / whether1. 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，通常用whether而不用if.Whether it is true remains a problem.The question is whether he will speak at the meeting.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.2. 引导宾语从句时i).当宾语从句是肯定句时, 用if/whether都可以。当宾语从句是否定句时, 只能用if。Could yo

25、u tell us if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?I dont care if it doesnt snow.ii).介词之后的宾语从句只能用whether不用if.Whether well start depends on whether itll be fine tomorrow.iii). 当宾语从句位于句首表示强调时, 不用if.Whether he is coming or not, I cant tell.iiii).注意以下结构：I dont know if they will come or not ( )I dont k

26、now whether they will come or not ( )I dont know if or not they will come. ( )I dont know whether or not they will come ( )总之，在名词性从句中，if和whether只有在肯定的宾语从句中，才可以替换。三 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever/no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom1） whatever, whichever, whoever, wh

27、omever 既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。Dont change your plans, whatever (=no matter what) happens.Whatever I have is yours.Im ready to do whatever the people want me to.2） no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom 只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。No matter what (=Whatever) I did, no one paid attenti

28、on.四 who/whoever1 who特指谁It was a matter of who would take the position to replace Mr. Smith as principal.2 whoever泛指无论是谁Whoever will come is none of my business.五 where/why/ how引导名词性从句的多义性。1 where1) 引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“哪儿”。Where she has gone is not known yet.她去哪儿了还不知道The little boy couldnt tell where h

29、is home was. 那个小男孩说不清自己的家在哪儿2) 引导表语从句时，意思是“的地方”。Thats where Lun Xun once lived.那就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方2 why1) 引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“为什么”。Why he didnt come to class yesterday is still a puzzle.昨天他为什么没来上学还是一个疑问Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬天比夏天冷吗？2)引导表语从句时，意思是“的原因”。Ten years of hard work! Thats

30、why I now look so old.十年的劳累！这就是现在显得如此苍老的原因3 how1) 引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“怎么，怎样”。How they went there is unknown to us. 我们不知道他们是怎么去那儿的Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to the Summer Palace. 劳驾，能否告诉我去颐和园怎么走？2) 引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“这样”。This is how they overcame the difficulties. 他们就是这样克服困难的相似句型的混淆:6.As i

31、s known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（错误)As is known to all, science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（正确)It is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（正确)注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that 引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省。7 that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例。T