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大学英语四级试题2阅读理解及注释1.docx

1、大学英语四级试题2阅读理解及注释12004年 1 月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年 1月大学英语四级阅读理解第 1 篇Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of t

2、hese statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of

3、 anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America Sds so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation - brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things - and a growing perception that the

4、world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generationec.opAt the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities

5、and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face to face relationships, ad they will get moresleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence you

6、r children are exposed to. It s not just video games andmovies; children see a lot of murders and crimes on the local news.Keep you expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope

7、with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn t have to ruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people s state of mind are .A) surprisingB) confusingC) illogicalD) questionable22. What does the a

8、uthor means when he says, we cant turn the clock back II (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) It s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) It s impossible to forget the past.23. According to an

9、 analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years agoA) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic24. The first and most important thing parents should do to hel

10、p their children is A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B) Children s anxiet

11、y has been enormously exaggerated.C) Chil dren s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第 1篇【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比 50 年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。即使 这些研究结论是正确的,也无法得到科学的验证。同时我对一份报告感到很震惊,其中提到今天的孩子比 50年代的孩子有明显的焦

12、虑感。实际上,有分析表明,现在 9到 11岁的正常孩子表现出的焦虑程度比 50年前接受精神病治疗的孩子还要高。为什么美国的孩子们如此焦虑呢?报告中引证了两个原因: 由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其 它事情而造成的与世隔绝;还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。尽管我们不能使时钟逆转,成年人还是可以为下一代做许多事情的。 首先要培养孩子们更好地领会个人主义的局限性。 任何一个孩子都不是一座与世隔绝的孤岛。 加强社 会联系能帮助他们更多地参与社交活动,使他们免受压力的困扰。帮助孩子们与他人建立更多的联系。你可以毁掉电视和计算机,不久之后你的家庭会感谢你的。他们 可以有更多的时间建立一种面对面的

13、关系并且睡得更香。限制你的孩子们接触到一些虚拟的暴力。 不仅录像和电影中有暴力场面, 孩子们也从当地的报纸上读 到了大量关于谋杀和犯罪的消息。对你的孩子要有合理的期望。很多功成名就的人士也从未上过哈佛或耶鲁。 使锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。 这可以帮助你很好地解决你的焦虑并且为你的孩子提供一种好的榜 样。有时候焦虑是不可避免的,但它还不至于会毁了你的生活。21. 作者认为,关于人们精神状态的任何研究结论是 。A) 令人吃惊的B) 迷惑的C) 不合逻辑的D) 质疑的22. 作者说“我们不能使时钟逆转”(第 3 段第 1 行)是什么意思?A) 不能减缓变化的速度。B) 孩子们面对的社会现状是不能改

14、变的。C) 过去的教训不能遗忘。D) 不可能忘记过去。23. 根据分析,与今天正常的孩子相比, 50 年前接受精神病治疗的孩子 。A) 更少与世隔绝B) 也许更少以自我为中心C) 也许遭遇的焦虑更少D) 被认为具有更少的个人主义24. 为帮助孩子们,父母首要该做的是A) 给孩子们提供一个更加安全的环境B) 降低对孩子们的期望C) 让孩子们更多的参与社会D) 为孩子们树立一个学习的好榜样25. 我们可以从文章中得出什么结论?A) 焦虑,尽管不可避免,但能够被恰当处理。B) 孩子们的焦虑被极度夸大了。C) 如果有更多的父母关爱,孩子们的焦虑可以被消除D) 如果恰当的控制焦虑,可以帮助孩子们变得成熟

15、。【答案】2122232425DBCCA【注释】本文属于果因分析性的文章,即 提岀问题一一分析问题一一解决问题I型。中心议题是孩子的焦虑(anxious)问题,作者开篇以一个研究的结果导出中心:对比 50年前,现在的孩子比以前更感到有压力和焦虑。第2自然段分析造成孩子感到焦虑的原因,第 3自然段至第8自然段阐述解决方法:父母应该如何帮助孩子减少压力和焦虑。【答案解析】21. (D)。本题考点出自第 1 自然段第 1 句。一I m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that其中,一skeptica的意思是怀疑的,

16、有疑问的II,也就是一questionable!问题的 啲意思。22. (B)。本题考点出自第 3自然段。根据上下文, 一we can t turn the clock ba意思是们无法把时针反调回去,也就是说,目前孩子有焦虑的这个现实已经无法改变了。23. (C)。本题考点出自第 1 自然段。In fact, ,normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxietytoday than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years age.对比 50 年前的有精神

17、病的孩子, 正常的孩子比他们更忧虑。I反过来说,有精神病的孩子比正常的孩子遭受的忧虑少。24. (C)。本题考点出自第 4、5 自然段。第 4 自然段一At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciationof individualism.父母首先要做的是让孩子更好地、 更多地与人交往、沟通。第 5自然段一stronger connectionswith others与他人更多地接触II,也就是,父母首先要做的是让孩子更多地融入到社会当中。25. (A)。综合全文,作者开篇提出问题 一一现在的孩子比以前的孩子更加忧虑,接着分析原因,最

18、后阐述解决的方法一一父母可以帮助孩子减少压力和忧虑。所以根据文章我们可以得到 虽然忧虑是不可避免的,但可以通过各种方式来解决、对付。 II【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】I m usually fairly skeptical about any research that (that引导限制性定语从句,修饰前 面的 research concludes that( that 引导 conclude 的宾语从句)people are either happier o(连词 or 连接 happier 和 unhappier,表示选择) unhappier or (连词 or 连接 happier

19、 or unhappier 和 more or less certain,与前面的 either 构成搭配,表示选择)more o(连词 or 连接 more 和 less,表示选择)less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比 50年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。(注意连词 or的用法以及that的用法。)2. 【句型分析】 Still, I was struck by a report which ( which 引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的 report)con

20、cluded that (that 弓丨导 conclude 的宾语从句)today s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s.【参考译文】同时我对一份报告感到很震惊,其中提到今天的孩子比 50 年代的孩子有明显的焦虑感。(注意定语从句的用法和翻译以及 that引导的宾语从句的用法。)3. 【句型分析】 The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation -(破折号弓丨出插入语) brought on by high div

21、orce rates and (连词 and 连接 high divorce rates 和 less involvement) less involvement in community, among other things and a growing perception that (that 弓丨导 perception 的同位语从句)the world is a more dangerous place.【参考译文】 报告中弓证了两个原因: 由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而造成的与 世隔绝;还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。 (注意冒号的用法,表示一般特殊型,并注意同

22、位从句的识别和翻译。)2004年 1月大学英语四级阅读理解第 2 篇Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organiz ational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise y

23、ou feel you deserve are less if you don t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth s story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. we had cubicle (小隔间 ) offices and window offices.

24、 Isat in the cubicle with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations f

25、or the job. I uses they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but niceish at quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay,

26、you ll probably hit.Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码 ) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just

27、 before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the a

28、ppropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should A) demonstrate his capabilityB) give his boss a god impressionC) ask for as much money as he canD) ask for the salary he hopes to get27

29、. What can be inferred from Beth s story?A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C) People should not be content with what they have got.D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.28. We can learn from the

30、 passage that .A) unfairness exists in salary increasesB) most people are overworked and underpaidC) one should avoid overstating one s performanceD) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises29. To get a pay raise, a person should .A) advertise himself on the job marketB) persuade his

31、 boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organizationD) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions30. To be successful in negotiations, one must .A) meet his boss at the appropriate timeB) arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC) be good

32、at influencing the outcome of the interactionD) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes2004年1月大学英语四级真题第 2篇注释【 参考译文 】在进入一家公司之前就谈妥你的工资要求要容易些, 原因是你一旦工作了, 公司组织的约束会影响你 的加薪。然而有一点是确定的:如果你不主动要求,那么你觉得你有资格加薪的机会实际要少得多。人们 主动要求想得到更多就会得到更多。这一点对于其它回报也同样适用,而并不只针对加薪。让我们看一下 Beth 的例子。我没有主动要求就得不到我想要的。 公司有小隔间的办公间和单个带窗户的办公室。 我和很多男同事 一起做在小隔间里。当

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