高考英语句式句型专题.docx

1、高考英语句式句型专题句式句型专题（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）这里我们侧重讲述否定句一.概念 否定句指否定陈述句的句子.二.相关知识点精讲 1.用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be+not+ 例句：He is not back yet.It is not true.We havent forgotten yo

2、u.You shouldnt be so silly.We havent been invited yet.He wont go, but they will.Money could not buy happiness.I like the salad, but I dont like this soup.He wants a girl friend, but he doesnt want to get married.You didnt understand what I said, did you ?You neednt try to explain.I didnt use to like

3、 opera, but now Im getting interested.2.祈使句的否定句：Dont+动词原形。例句：Dont worry. Ill look after you.Dont believe a word he says.Dont be so rude.3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。Its important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked

4、advice of her friend.He reproached me for not having told it to him. 4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：Come early, but not before six.Its working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.not用在I hope; I believe; Im afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。Will it snow t

5、oday ?I hope not.5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.Take that towel, I have no other.I can walk no farther.Ther

6、e is no knowing what will happen.6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have ever believed it.7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose

7、; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：I dont think shes at home, but Ill go and see.I dont imagine that hell enjoy it.句式句型专题（二）：疑问句2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Whe

8、re do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：这里我们测重讲解反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, n

9、othing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，

10、疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。

11、He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yest

12、erday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a

13、. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等

14、引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑

15、问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，

16、后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not

17、unkind to his classmates, is he?20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I？ Wishmay +主语？ no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义rarely, little等否定含义的词 ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+v

18、.(had to+v.)dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor, eitheror 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语 指示代词或不定代词everything, that, 主语用itnothing, this 并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句, 宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定 t

19、hink, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语？dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语？ 省去主语的祈使句 will you？Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you? there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句注

20、意：怎样回答反意疑问句？ Its very cold today, isnt it? 你该怎么回答呢？ 首先，我们来回顾一下怎样回答一般疑问句。Are you on-line now?(你在上网吗？)当然啦，你的回答应该是肯定的。否则就不会看到这篇文章了。回答应该是：Yes, I am. 你正在看电视吗？Are you watching TV now? 肯定没有啦，你就应该说：No, Im not.现在你可以总结出来，该怎么回答一般疑问句了吧？！对，就是根据实际情况回答，Yes, I do. 或者 No, I dont. 反意疑问句的回答法跟一般疑问句的回答方式完全一样。例如： She is

21、good at English, isnt she? 回答可以是：Yes, she is. 或者No, she isnt. 注意，回答一定要和实际情况相符合，“是”就“是”，“不是”就“不是”。也就是说回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则，肯定的答案就用yes肯定结构；否定的答案就用no否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符。 那怎样回答There is a computer in your room, isnt there? 这个句子呢？你房间里确实有台电脑，那么回答就是：Yes, there is. 不过，我们现在只练习了一种反意疑问句，即：前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。 反意疑问句还有一

22、种形式，就是：前一部分是否定式，后一部分是肯定式。There isnt a computer in your room, is there?“你的房间里没有电脑，对吗？”你该怎么回答呢？ 根据中国人的思维，反应在你脑海中的肯定是，“不对，我房间里有电脑。” 便顺口回答道：No, there is. 这样，可就大错特错了。因为你违背了 “事实求是”的原则：肯定的答案就用yes肯定结构；否定的答案就用no否定结构。所以刚刚那句话的回答应该是：Yes, there is. 总之，回答反意疑问句就得记住一点：实事求是。记住了？不管是做人还是回答反意疑问句都是一样的。OK. You dont have

23、any questions, do you? 你怎么回答呢？希望是-No, I dont. 三.巩固练习 1. Its a fine day, Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late, _?A. isnt he B. hasnt it C. hasnt he D. isnt it3. Daddys forgot to post the l

24、etter again, _?Im afraid he _. A. has; has B. isnt; is C. hasnt; has D. has; hasnt4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and I dont think I can finish.Dont worry. Let us do it for you , _? A. will you B. shall we C. shant we D. shall you5. I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _?A.

25、do I B. could he C. did he D. has he6. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, _ ?A. hasnt it B. didnt it C. mustnt it D. isnt it7. Jenny doesnt think that Robert is honest, _? Im afraid not.A. is he B. isnt he C. does she D. doesnt she8. The new windows need washing. Well, lets wash them

26、 together, _?A. shall we B. will you C. should we D. would you9. There is little we can do about it, _?A. is there B. cant we C. isnt there D. can we10. The problem wasnt difficult for him, was it ? _. He should have been given a more difficult one.A. No, it was B. Yes, it was C. Yes, it wasnt D. No

27、, it wasnt四.答案 DDCAC BCAAD句式句型专题（三）：祈使句3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：一.概念 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。二.相关知识点精讲1.祈使句有三种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构：例如： Dont move. 不准动。 Dont be late. 不要迟到。2.以let开头的祈使句 Let 的反意疑问句： a. Lets 包括说话者。例如： Lets have

28、 another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？ 否定结构：例如： Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。 3.有主语的祈使句 20

29、03年高考英语试卷上有这样一道单项填空题:-Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to.-Dont call me Joe. Im Mr Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont-对不起,乔。我不是故意要-不要叫我乔,叫我帕克先生,你别忘记了。答语的后半句是一个祈使句,表示警告对方,要以dont开头,故正确答案是D。这道题的正确答案是D。该题主要考查有主语的祈使句的用法。我们知道,祈使句的主语通常就是说话的对方,即第二人称you,一般不表示出来,但在有些情况下,祈使句也可带主语。一、为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时。例如:You go with me. 你跟我去。You tell him what I said. 你把我说的话告诉他。You take that seat. 你坐在那个座位上。二、表达气愤;不满;厌烦