届高考英语总复习练习专题2第2讲 非谓语动词 Word版含答案.docx

1、届高考英语总复习练习专题2第2讲 非谓语动词 Word版含答案第二讲非谓语动词考查非谓语动词的句法功能了解句法功能 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2018浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _ (cook) a meal.to cook解析：此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。2(2018北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students.spent解析：time和

2、spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。3(2018天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _ (catch)to catch解析：此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。4(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.using解析：主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。5(2016浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a ve

3、ry _ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.frightening解析：此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的ing形式作定语。6(2016北京卷)_(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.Ordered解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系，且

4、动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1非谓语动词作状语(1)非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；(2016北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(2)非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。(3)非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到

5、用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)(4)非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；

6、非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。I am only too glad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Being tired, he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.看到警察，小偷就跑了。源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。 Absorbed in h

7、is book, he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。2非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词类别用法动词不定式表示将要发生的动作动名词表示用途分词现在分词表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中过去分词表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。The lecture, starting(which was starting)at 7：00 pm. last night, was foll

8、owed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。3非谓语动词作补足语(1)常接不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, pers

9、uade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on(号召；要求), depend on等；(山东卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。(2)使役动词have,

10、 let, make等后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。(3)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，后面可接省去to的不定式和动词ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全过程，动词ing形式表示动作正在进行；(湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(4)have, kee

11、p, leave, find, catch, send等动词后可接动词ing形式作宾语补足语；She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.她让我等了二十多分钟。(5)过去分词作宾语补足语want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep, leave, see, hear, find, feel, notice, observe, watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。(福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her wri

12、tten English improved in a short period.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。知晓固定结构 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2018全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.to prove解析：want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。2(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will i

13、nclude _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.introducing解析：include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。3(2016全国卷)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you ll be less likely_(bring) your work home.to bri

14、ng解析：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。4(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _(cool)the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.to cool解析：beadj.enough to do sth.“足够来做某事”。5(2018陕西西安二模)_(judge) from his accent, he is

15、from the south of China.Judging解析：句意：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。judging from意为“从判断”，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。6(2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes._wearwearing解析：by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词：suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, enjoy, include, practice

16、, allow, avoid, advise, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote ones time to等。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。2若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用不定式：decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose

17、, would like等。(2018湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)Nervous and anxious, Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview.又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。(1)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。meanforgetregrettrygo onremembercant help(2)若动名词或不定式作宾语，且有宾语补足语，则常用it作形式宾语。I regret to tell you that I cant accept your invita

18、tion.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的邀请。I still remember being taken to the Great Wall and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过长城，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。I feel it impossible for the work to be finished today.我认为今天不可能完成这项工作。3with复合结构中补足语的比较：withWith so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。With the problem so

19、lved, the quality has been improved.问题解决了，质量也提高了。4有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构：considering that 鉴于，考虑到judging by/from 从来看supposing/providing/provided/assuming that. 假定，假设compared with/to 与相比Michaels new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one.与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。看清逻辑主语 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2016浙江卷)To re

20、turn to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.conducted解析：这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词a study。2(2015陕西卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home.taken解析：mother与take g

21、ood care of之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，构成see sb. done“看到某人被”。表客观事实而非正在进行的动作，故不可用being taken形式。3(四川卷)The airport_(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.to be completed解析：句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业发展。由时间状语next year可知，complete发生在将来，所以用不定式作定语。此外，complete与其逻辑主语airport之间为动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式。4(2018四川

22、成都七中诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son _(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.dressed解析：句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find宾语宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。5Film has a much shorter history, especially when _(compare) to such art forms as music and p

23、ared解析：句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐与绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。所给动词compare与其逻辑主语film之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，相当于when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。(2015北京卷)The park was full of people, enjoying themselv

24、es in the sunshine.公园里有许多人，享受着日光浴。Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge watercovered globe.从太空看，地球像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体。2若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。I saw him climbing the fence just now.我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。A villager saw the little girl taken away b

25、y a middleaged lady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。3若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词，为被动关系时用过去分词。“Things lost never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨晩，有上百万的人观看开幕式的电视直播。考查非谓语动词的时态和语态记牢时态语态 示之以范 _原则这

26、样运用1(2018浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. swept解析：此处the ring与sweep之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，构成get done结构。2(重庆卷)_ (ask) to wor

27、k overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.Having been asked解析：句意：那天晚上我被要求加班，错过了一场精彩的电影。所给动词ask与其逻辑主语I之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且ask表示的动作发生在谓语动词missed的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成被动式在句中作原因状语。3(2015天津卷)_(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.Having worked解析：由for two days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语

28、为主动关系，所以用having done形式。4(2018湖北武昌区高三调考)If there is no aim in our lives, we will get lose._loselost解析：get这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于become，后接过去分词，表状态，get lost意为“失踪的，迷路的”。 通关点击 _原则这样解读非谓语动词形式意义过去分词表示被动完成不定式的被动式表示被动但尚未发生现在分词的被动式表示被动进行动名词的被动式表示被动非谓语动词的完成式非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前(四川卷)Offered an important role in a new movie,

29、Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在这部新电影中担任了重要角色，所以安迪有了出名的机会。(表原因)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。,学生用书P18 ) 单句语法填空1(2018湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，_(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the