短文改错.docx

1、短文改错短文改错技巧高考英语短文改错口诀为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数；注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别；习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析；逻辑错误须关注。一 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I wasmember of our school

2、football team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging inthe library. (are)上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。二 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all mysubject. (subjects)三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a

3、 wonderfully timetogether. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many peoplein my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四 非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I aminteresting i

4、n football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow uptall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do allthey can make sure (to)上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It wa

5、s very kind for them to meet me atthe railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play forthe team instead ourselves. (of)六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything aboutChina and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capitalof

6、 China. (which)第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feelat home. (their)First, let me tell you something moreabout myself. (去掉more) no way of setting the mat

7、ter exceptby selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and,or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smilin

8、g but nodding at me.(and)It looks as if my parents treat me as avisitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under asame roof. (the)下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。Last week my parents and I took atwo-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyoneknows，its fa

9、mous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants andanimals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrivedat the foot of 78. _the mountain，the three of them werevery excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain，we edmonkeys，visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the way up I wasbusy taking pict

10、ure 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. Thetime passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the nightin a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensiveand the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleepat the moment my 85. _head touched the pillow.答案与简析：76. famo

11、us前加上a.（名词数）77. 正确78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）79. themus （逻辑错误须关注）80. visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别）81. picturepictures（名词数）82. passespassed（动词形）83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住）84. andbut（but，and，or和so）85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）改错要想拿高分语法口诀要记牢（一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理带宾语必带to

12、，不带宾语不带 to小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级（二）谓与非谓经常混谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种v-ing ,v-ed和to do主谓通常v-ing动宾通常v-ed现在分词表主动过去分词表被动目的要用不定式by前有过去分词相拥by后有动名词后抱介词后跟动名词时态基点要搞清现在还是过去时（三）规则是说谎lielied lied不规则是躺lielay lain躺过就下蛋lay laidlaid下蛋不规则 “短文改错”题是各类考试中的一个重要题型尽管该题难度不大,评分标准制定得也比较宽松,但仍有一些同学在做此类题目时不得要领,因而得分甚

13、少鉴于此因,笔者结合2006年高考试题,对“短文改错”题中的常见错误加以分析,从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍一些解题技巧一 “短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一) 时态语态方面的错误这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态主动语态与被动语态的误用做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态语态的呼应规律例如:1. (NMET 2006) We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.2. (2006天津) Today, I got a letter that said I had been

14、admitting to a college.3. (2006四川) We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having dinner .”4. (2006湖北) . sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.5. (2006陕西) Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.6. (2006安徽) . but you are not permit to take them

15、 out.Key: 1. havehad2. admittingadmitted3. 去掉was4. needneeded5. arrivedarrive6. permitpermitted(二) 主谓一致方面的错误这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误因此做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致例如:1. (2006四川) “I just want to know what the sign say.”2. (2006安徽) Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.3. (2006山西) Here are the

16、 information about Manchester University.4. (2006山东) What may surprise you are that Im going to .Key: 1. saysays2. wishwishes3. areis4. areis(三) 名词方面的错误名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“s”的误置等例如:1. (NMET 2006) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.2. (2006四川) In summer, the sea

17、under the blue skies is even more beautiful.3. (2006山东) . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.4. (2006辽宁) . but she marked strictly on students actual performance .5. (2006福建) If you have interests in it, reply to me soon.Key: 1. ideasidea2. skiessky3. wa

18、ysway4. studentsstudents5. interestsinterest(四) 冠词方面的错误这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用, a与an的误用有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词例如:1. (NMET 2006) An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.2. (2006辽宁) . the popular teacher is at same time the one w

19、ho should be strict with .3. (2006广东) And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison.4. (2006福建) . so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.5. (2006重庆) With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green.Key: 1. the balloona balloon2. same前面加the3. 去掉prison前

20、面的the4. 去掉fun前面的a5. 在coming前面加the(五) 非谓语动词方面的错误这类错误多指v-ing与动词不定式之间的误用,现在分词与过去分词之间的误用例如:1. (NMET 2006) The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. (2006天津) I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.3. (2006福建) How about join us? The camp is at the

21、foot of a small hill.4. (2006陕西) Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.Key: 1. keepskeeping2. becomingbecome3. joinjoining4. meetto meet(六) 连词方面的错误这类错误多指and, so, or, but之间的误用; while与when, however与therefore之间的误用例如:1. (NMET 2006) It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close

22、to the water.2. (2006天津) I became very active but made new friends.3. (2006重庆) My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.4. (2006重庆) While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.5. (2006陕西) Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.6. (2006辽宁

23、) He and she should make the class very active by joking with the students.Key: 1. SoBut2. butand3. soand4. WhileWhen5. orand6. andor(七) 形容词副词方面的错误这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等例如:1. (NMET 2006) They came back lately and had some tea.2. (2006天津) . you alw

24、ays gave me specially attention .3. (2006重庆) . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.4. (2006江西) Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from .5. (2006陕西) I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.6. (2006辽宁) Last year, my English teacher proved

25、 to be the more popular in our school.7. (2006浙江) I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.8. (2006山东) We could chat about the good older days.Key: 1. latelylate2. speciallyspecial3. immediateimmediately4. clearlyclear5. particularparticularly6. moremost7. possiblyposs

26、ible8. olderold(八) 介词方面的错误这类错误多指漏掉介词多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等例如:1. (NMET 2006) The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised .2. (NMET 2006) He was looking for a glass the cupboard.3. (2006重庆) After autumn arrives, the city looks as an old man with leaves .4. (2006广东) . he can no longer

27、 expect others to pay his food, his clothes .5. (2006四川) On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.6. (2006浙江) Could you share your experience for us?7. (2006安徽) You are limited in a certain number of books.8. (2006湖北) My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to

28、 take care.Key: 1. 去掉for2. the前面加in3. aslike4. pay后面加for5. OnAt6. forwith7. into8. care后面加of(九) 代词方面的错误这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误等1. (NMET 2006) . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.2. (2006重庆) a lot of

29、white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long .3. (2006广东) If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, they will go hungry.4. (2006四川) That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted .5

30、. (2006安徽) You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish it.6. (NMET 2006) I just smiled to me and thought .7. (2006天津) On the first day of camp, you came up to myself while I was sitting alone.8. (2006江西) . your life in your country is quite different from me.9. (2006福建) Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.Key: 1. histheir2. IThey3. theyhe4. theywe5. itthem6. memyself7. myselfme8. memine9. thatwhich二 解题技巧要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四