名词性从句讲义.docx

1、名词性从句讲义学生： 刘佳敏 教师：凌佳佳 年级： 高一 第 一阶段3 次课 时间：8:30-10:30课题名词性从句的用法教学目标掌握主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的含义和用法区分同位语从句和定语从句。重点、难点1、名词性从句的类型2、名词性从句引导词的选用3、名词性从句的辨析4、名词性从句的语序5、名词性从句引导词的省略考点及考试要求主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句的用法从属连词、连接代词、连接副词的考察 教学内容 知识框架 名词性从句详解命题规律对名词性从句的考查主要集中在一下几点：1、考查连接词的正确使用，这些易混淆的连接词主要有：whatthatwhich,whetherift

2、hat,whatwhatever,whowhoever,where等2、考查名词性从句的语序，不管从句时虚拟语气还是陈述语气，名词性从句总是用陈述句语序。3、考查it作形式主语的用法。英语中为了使句子保持平衡，常用it代替主语从句，而把主语从句放到句子的后面。课前热身：1、I made a promise to myself _this year,my first year in high school,would be different.A、whether B、 what C、that D、how2、_ you have seen things like these before does

3、nt matter. A. If B. Whether C. What D. When3. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago. A. that B. whether C. if D. when 4、 What a pity _ is _ you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for1、名词性从句的含义1、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语

4、从句。名词性从句主要哟四种从句结构：以that引导的从句；以whetherif 等引导的名词性从句；以whatwh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句。此外，as ifas though也可一到表语从句。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.Whatever what i said,he wouldnt listen to me.Where the meeting will be held

5、hasnt been decided.2、名词性从句的连接词（1）连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which,whatever,however等。它们有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。（2）连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。（3）从属连词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式而要用陈述语序。连

6、接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。The fact is that we have lost the game.I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well. I dont care about whether you have money or not. I h

7、ave no idea when he will return. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句动宾介宾 That不省略可省略不省略不省略不省略Whetherif(是否)位于句首用whether都可用，有区别用whether用whether用whether特殊疑问词用陈述语序名词性从句用陈述语序巩固练习：用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunci

8、ation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post o

9、ffice is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not. 二、名词性从句的种类(一)主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。Who will go is not important.hat he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.注意： It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论

10、强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 用it 作

11、形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that

12、 已证实 It is said that 据说例句：It is no wonder that he has made so much progress.It is likely that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.It happened to me that i had been away when she called.It is said that he is studying abroad. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例

13、如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doe

14、snt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时

15、在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 巩固练习：1、_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A What B That C This D Which2、we cant get seems better than _we have.A What, what

16、 B What, thatC That, that D That , what3、 _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised4、_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It 5、It is pretty well

17、 understood_ control the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 6、it suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office.A whether B where C which D that7、it doesnt matter _you turn right of left at the crossing -both roads lead to the park.A

18、whether B how C if D when （二）宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for m

19、e.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。注意：doubt doubtful 与sure 后名词性从句连接词that,whether ,if 的选择。当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或是if ;当doubt ,doubtful用于否定句或是疑问句时，后面名词性从不的连接词用that.I doubt whetherif he is at home.We dont doubt that th

20、ey can complete the task ahead of time.It is doubtful whether it is true or not.当be sure 用于肯定句时，后面的宾语从句的连接词常用that,当be sure用于否定句时，后面的宾语从句的连接词whetherif .We are sure that he is innocent.The old man didnt seem to be sure whetherif he had met me2. 作介词和形容词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can c

21、ooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：一般情况下介词后面只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接that的从句，要先加上it，再加上that从句，即“介词+it +that”You may depend on it that they will support you .介词except,but ,besides.及in 后可接that从句。I know nothing a

22、bout him except that he lives here.常用宾语从句的形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry,anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, proud, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。I am afraid h

23、e wont attend our wedding.3. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。注意：在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“（should+）动词原形”。He suggested that we (should)set about doing the work at once.4. 否定的转移

24、若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。5、特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句由who ,what,how,which,whose,where,why等词引导的宾语从句，可作动词、介词及形容词的宾语。I cant imagine how he did it.We are worrying about what

25、 we should do next.注意：如果疑问词是介词的宾语，介词一般可以位于从句句首或句末。I didnt know in which building they lived.=i didnt know which building they lived in.宾语从句的时态。（1）主句为现在或是将来时态，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态She says (that)she works from Monday to Friday.I know he didnt tell you that he would come then.He will tell me what happened

26、 to him during my absence.(2）主句为过去时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.He asked me if i was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.(3)表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何时态，从句都要用现在时态。The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.巩固练习将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers

27、 are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French

28、? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. w

29、here was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading

30、the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. w