高中必修五第一单元知识点总结.docx

1、高中必修五第一单元知识点总结Unit 1:Great Scientists1. explain 说明；阐明；解释；辩解【词组拓展】 explain sth away 为做辩解；（通过解释）消除 explain oneself 说明自己的意思（动机）；把自己的意思表达清楚 explain .as 把。解释为。 He explained to us that the heavy rain stopped him arriving on time.【典型例题】would you please _the usage of the last word in this sentence,Mr White?

2、 A. explain us B. explain all of us C explain to us D explain for all2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 Kind is one of his characteristics .和蔼是他的特征之一 Adj. 典型的；独特的 I heard my friends characteristic laugh.【典型例题】As the noises are _of big cities, some people prefer to live in the countryside. A peculiar B partic

3、ular C special D. characteristic 3. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put down: 放下；写下，记下 put off: 推迟；延期 put

4、 on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧 put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷4. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论）e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。【习惯用语】 draw a conclusion 作出结论= come to a conclusion = arrive at a conclusion 【知识拓

5、展】 in conclusion 最后，总之。 At the conclusion of 当。结束时5. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。 conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature overcome指“战胜”、“

6、压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 6. discover. 发现；发觉 Columbus discovered America in 1492 区别 discover; find ;find out ;invent 1)discover 指发现客观存在的事物，发现已存在的而不为人所知的事物。 2） find 多指偶然、发觉、发现、碰到，后面可接名词、复合结构或that 从句 3）find out 指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、实情，通过调查找出原因或发现秘密等 4）invent 发明，指原来没有的东西被发明出来了 【典型例题】Gilb

7、ert_electricity and Edison _the electricity bulb A found ; discovered B discovered ;invented C found out ;found D discovered ; found7. attend: v.1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture.) 出席；参加 e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve 照

8、顾；看护。e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 伴随e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。【辨析】attend; join; join in ; take part in 1)attend 出席、参加（会议、仪式、婚礼），不强调参加者在活动中所起的作用2）join “参加”组织、团体，并成为其中一员；“加入”一群人，并和他们一起活动3）join in 参加（某活动），也可以用在join sb in sth 的结构中表示（加

9、入某人做某事）4）take part in 参加（某活动），并在其中起作用,不能跟人或有生命的东西作宾语 【经典例题】-Would you like to _my cat for ten days while Im in China. -Id like to, but I have to _a meeting in one week. A. attend to ;attend B attend; join C attending; take part in D attend to ; join in 8. expose.to.揭露；暴露 expose sb /sth / oneself 显露或

10、暴露某人、某事自己/自己 e.g. Dont expose your skin to the sun for too long.They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire. He exposed their plot.9. lift up 举起，提起，使兴奋，是受到鼓舞 If you lift up the chair,Ill clean the carpet underneath it. 【知识拓展】lift down 搬下去，从高处搬到低处 Lift off (火箭、导弹等)发射，（直升机等）起飞10. cure v. 1)治愈某人；解决某事情

11、；了结 cure sb of sth 治好了某人（的） Can you cure me of my cold? n. 治愈，治疗；药物；疗法 Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?【区别】cure ; treat Cure 强调结果，即“治愈”；可构成cure sb of sth 结构 His wounds were cured. Treat 强调过程，不涉及结果，可构成treat sb for sth 结构 His wounds were well treat in the army hospital. 【经典例题】-Has the doctor _h

12、er illness? -No,he _her but didnt _her. A cured; treated; treat B cured; cured ; treat C treated the old woman of ; treated ; cure D. cured the old woman of; treated ; cure11. absorb v 1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。2）专心于 be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tal

13、e. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。 【经典例题】The students was _reading the novel that he didint sense that his teacher was just standing beside him. A very absorbing B very absorbed in C. so absorbed in D so absorbed on 12. blame sb. for sth/ for doing sth . 责备某人为了某事e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to bla

14、me （for）: 应受责备，应负责任Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ blame sth on sb 把某事（的责任）归咎于某人 She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.【典型例题】_for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits. A Blaming B. Blamed C To blame D To be blamed.13. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于

15、 besides, whats moree.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside in addition to：除之外，还有，表示递进关系。e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 except:

16、除之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. besides 表示“除了以外，还有”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。 beside : 在旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）He speaks French as

17、well as English.e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.2) Apart from the salary, its not a bad job.e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job.14. announce: v. 公布；宣告 announce to sb sth .对某人宣布某事e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。 【思维拓展】announcement n. 通告，布告，声明 announc

18、er n. 播音员 Make an announcement 下通知 【经典例题】Our teacher _to all of us that our team had won the football match. A told B spoke C replied D announcement 15. ease v. 减轻（负担、痛苦） n. 舒适；悠闲；容易，不费力 【知识拓展】at ease 舒适，安逸，快活；自由自在 With ease 熟练地，轻而易举地 Stand at ease （口令）稍息 Ease away 渐渐放松；（痛苦）渐减 【经典例题】She has never be

19、en a great success in the job, and now they are trying to _. A ease on B ease off C ease out D ease away10. challenge n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗 vt. 向.挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战Section A【重要句型】 Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?句中how to p

20、rove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。We have not decided where to go. The question is when to leave.【小试牛刀】Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job. A expected B. to expect C to be expect D expects The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodi

21、es their meals. 第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内。句中suggest 表示“暗示；表明”故在从句中谓语动词用陈述语气，若表示“建议；提议”时，则用suggest (doing )/that(should ) do sth.He suggested me not smoking any more.=H e suggested me that I (should ) not smoke any more.【小试牛刀】What he said at the meeting suggested that he _with us. didnt agree B shouldnt

22、agree C not agree D should agree So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次霍乱爆发时，就有大批惊恐的人们死去。 句中every time 起连词作用意为“每次”,引导时间状语从句，可用作连词的词组或副词还有： Each time每次. Next time 下一次 the moment (that) 一。就 Directly.一.就，刚就 immediately 一.就 I recognized him the moment I heard his

23、 voice on the phone. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. Neither nor “既不。也不。”连接两个（或者两个以上）主语时其谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致此类动词还有 either or 或者。或者。 not only .but also. 不但.而且. .or 或者 not but 不是而是【小试牛刀】He declared, “_, nor do I care about it”A Either I want to know it B. Neither do I want to know it C Not o

24、nly do I want to know it. D Neither I want to know it. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都派人从水泵里打水运到家里来。Have sth done= get sth done 叫某人做某事，使某事被做Have sb do sth =get sb to do

25、sth have sth/sb doing = get sb/sth doing【小试牛刀】 -I can not see the word on the blackboard. Perhaps you need_. A to examine your eyes B to have your eyes examined C to have examined your eyes D your eyes to be examinedSection B 【重点词汇】A. take in 收留；包括 He was homeless, so we took him in. 他无家可归，所以我们收留了他。

26、【知识扩展】take after 相似； take back 撤销，同意，回忆起昔日； take up 开始从事；继续；占据（时间，空间） Take off 脱掉（衣服），（飞机）起飞；成功 take on 雇用，聘用；呈现 take out 拔掉，去掉，取得 take over 接任，接管，接收。His face took on a worried expression. 他的脸上露出担忧的表情。【小试牛刀】It is certain that if he dies,his son will _the business. A take on B take up C take over D h

27、and over Seeing that old film really _me _to my childhood.A takes ; out B took ;back C comes;back D took ; up2.construction n.建设；建筑物；建造 He woeks in construction industry. 她在建筑行业工作【词组拓展】 construction workers 建筑工人 under construction 正在建设中3. apart from 除之外 指包括在内时同besides;指不包括在内时同except (for) The essay

28、is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes. I have another 100 books apart from this one.【注意】except 接单词或短语 except that 用来表述理由或细节，修正前面所说情况，后接从句; except for 是说明整个情况后，对细节加以纠正，其后一般接名词 【小试牛刀】Some people choose jobs for other reasons _money these days.A for B except C. besides D with The boy has a h

29、andsome face_the scar on his forehead. A except B. except for C except that D besides 4.but his career came to an end when he developed a severe illness当他病得很严重时，他的（运动）生涯也结束了.句中come to an end 是固定词组，意为“结束；终结；终止” 【知识拓展】bring to an end 结束；完成；终止 draw to an end 结束；终结 put an end to sth结束/ 终止某事； Make an end

30、 of 结束（某事）；停止（某事） make both ends meet 使收支相抵。量入为出 They earn so little that they can not make both ends meet.他们赚的钱很少，难以使收支平衡。 【小试牛刀】The persuasion on both sides_an end of their quarrel.A. brought B put C came D. made 1. 【语法精讲】： 过去分词做定语 一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。 eg：a lost animal a used stamp

31、an injured finger a broken coin a lighted candle注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes made of t