1、汽车实验室教材四 检测设备配置及检测水平一)实验室设备配置及检测能力1.整车检测线:主要设备有转鼓、排放设备、灯光检测仪、侧滑台、四轮定位仪、淋雨设备。1.2主要试验能力满足进出口机动车辆检验规程 第四部分:汽车产品SN/T1688.4-20062. 整车道路试验室2.1主要设备:悬架运动学及柔顺性试验台/K&C试验台、转向机器人、整车性能测试系统、三坐标、便携式三坐标测量机、防抱制动性能测试设备、制动系统性能测试系统、四轮定位仪、四柱举升机、侧滑试验台、侧翻试验台等其他设备。2.2主要试验能力汽车技术状况行驶检查,按GB/T 12677-1990进行;车速表校正,按GB 15082-1999
2、进行;滑行试验,按GB/T 12536-1990进行; 整车参数测量车外部尺寸参数测量,按GB/T 12673-1990进行;内部尺寸参数测量,按QC/T 577进行;整车质量(重量)参数测量,按GB/T 12674-1990进行;汽车重心高度测量,按GB/T 12538-1990进行;转向系角传动比测量;转向系摩擦阻力测量;车轮定位参数测量;最小转弯直径试验,按GB/T 12540-1990进行;整车四轮定位参数的测量;动力性试验加速性能试验,按GB/T 12543-1990进行原地起步连续换档加速性能试验;直接档加速性能试验;最高车速试验,按GB/T 12544-1990进行;最低稳定车速
3、试验,按GB/T 12547-1990进行;爬陡坡试验,按GB/T 12539-1990进行;经济性试验常用档等速行驶燃料消耗量,按GB/T 12545.1-2001进行;多工况燃料消耗量试验,按GB/T 12545.1-2001进行; 制动性能试验 0型试验,按GB/T 12676-1999进行; I型试验,按GB /T12676-1999进行;转弯制动试验,按ISO 7975进行;行驶噪声试验汽车加速行驶车外噪声,按GB 1495-2002进行;汽车匀速行驶车内噪声,按QC/T 57-1993进行;汽车定置噪声试验,按GB 16170-1996进行; 操纵稳定性试验蛇行试验,按GB/T 6
4、323.1-1994进行;转向盘转角阶跃输入试验,按GB/T 6323.2-1994进行;转向盘转角脉冲输入试验,按GB/T 6323.3-1994进行;转向回正性能试验,按GB/T 6323.4-1994进行;转向轻便性试验,按GB/T 6323.5-1994进行;稳态回转试验,按GB/T 6323.6-1994进行;7.7汽车操纵稳定性评价,按QC/T 480-1999进行; 平顺性试验随机输入行驶试验,按GB 4970-1985进行;脉冲输入行驶试验,按GB 5902-1986进行;汽车悬挂系统的固有频率和阻尼比测量,按GB 4783-1984进行; 汽车起动性能试验,按GB/T 125
5、35-1990进行;3.排放试验室排放试验室主要建设欧四/欧五排放室、密闭蒸发室等试验室,二期建设超低排放室和耐久转毂室。3.1主要设备:四驱排放试验室转鼓设备、四驱排放试验室环境仓、四驱排放试验室排放设备、-7度环境和常温排放保温间、发动机台架及排放设备、蒸发密闭室、耐久转鼓、其他设备等排放试验室主要试验能力:可以进行常温、低温-7 环境下的汽油和柴油排放检测。试验能力:欧四欧五检测能力!预留一超低排放检测试验室。3.4主要试验检验标准试验名称环境可控范围满足工况或试验标准除霜除雾-25-311556-94除霜试验、11555-94除雾试验排放试验室轻型车排放检测温度控制:-1045; 阳光
6、模拟:400W/m21200W/m2;湿度控制范围:35%80%;GB18352.2-2003、GB18352.3-2005及EPA排放检测排放耐久检测GB18352.2-2003、GB18352.3-2005及EPA排放耐久试验经济性试验温度控制:2550;阳光模拟:400W/m21200W/m2;湿度控制范围:50%90%;GB19233-2003仪表性能试验温度控制:-1045,阳光模拟:400W/m21200W/m2;湿度控制范围:35%80%;GB15082-1999汽车车速表仪表、燃油蒸发温度控制:1045GB18352.2-2003、GB18352.3-2005及EPA等排放燃油
7、蒸发排放试验4.电磁兼容试验室4.1主要设备 10米法电波暗室一座,3米法电波暗室一座,屏蔽室三座。(1)电波暗室及屏蔽室:屏蔽体,吸波材料,天线塔,门,CCTV监控系统,照明,接口板,报警系统,高架地板及反射地面,滤波器。(2)测试系统:天线,接收机,功率计,放大器,信号源,测试软件,EUT监控系统。(3)转台及转鼓系统:测功机,尾气收集,转台系统,迎风冷却系统,固定装置。4.2主要试验检验标准:1.5.1整车抗扰度测试标准:ISO 11451-2 Off vehicle source, 10 kHz to 18 GHzSAE J551/11 Off vehicle source, 10 k
8、Hz to 18 GHz2004/104/EC Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation, 20MHz to 2 GHz (with option upto 18 GHz)ISO 11451-4 Bulk Current Injection, 1 MHz to 400 MHz (option upto 1 GHz)SAE J551/13 Bulk Current Injection, 1 MHz to 400 MHz (option upto 1 GHz)ISO 11451-3 On boar
9、d transmitter simulation, 1.8 MHz to 1300 MHzSAE J551/12 On board transmitter simulation, 1.8 MHz to 1300 MHzISO 11452-2 Radiated Electromagnetic Fields, 80 MHz 18 GHzSAE J1113/21 Radiated Electromagnetic Fields, 10 kHz to 18 GHz1.5.2整车辐射骚扰SAE J551/2 Limits and methods of radio disturbance character
10、istics 30 MHz to 18 GHzSAE J551/4 Limits and methods of radio disturbance characteristics (narrowband) 150 kHz to 1 GHzSAE J551/5 Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Magnetic and Electric Field Strength from Electric Vehicles,Broadband, 9 kHz To 30 MHz2004/104/EC Method of measurement o
11、f radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from vehiclesCISPR 12 Vehicles, Motorboats, and Spark-Ignited Engine-Driven Devices- Radio Disturbance Characteristics- Limit & Methods of Measurement, 30 MHz to 1 GHz.GB140231.5.3零部件辐射骚扰SAE J551/2 Limits and methods of radio disturbance characteristics
12、 30MHz to 1GHzSAE J551/4 Limits and methods of radio disturbance characteristics (narrowband) 150 kHz to 1 GHz2004/104/EC Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from electrical/electronic sub-assemblies.CISPR 25-1 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
13、characteristics for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles, 150 kHz to 1 GHzCISPR 25-2 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles, Measurement of vehicle components and modules, 150 kHz to 1 GHzGB 186551.5
14、.4零部件抗扰度ISO 11452-2 Radiated Electromagnetic Fields, 80/200 MHz to 1 GHz & 1 to 3GHz with Radar Pulse Testing for GM in Microwave EMS system.SAE J1113/21 Radiated Electromagnetic Fields, 80/200 MHz to 1 GHz & 1 to 3GHz with Radar Pulse Testing for GM in Microwave EMS system.ISO 11452-4 Bulk Current
15、Injection, 1 MHz to 400 MHz(upto 1GHz)SAE J1113/4 Bulk Current Injection, 1 MHz to 400 MHz(upto 1GHz)ISO 11452-5 Stripline, 10 kHz to 200 MHz(upto 1GHz)SAE J1113/23 Stripline, 10 kHz to 200 MHz(upto 1GHz)SAE J1113/22 Immunity to Radiated Magnetic Fields from Power Line, 60Hz to 30kHzISO 7637ISO 1060
16、5GB 176191.5.5主流汽车企业标准FORD ES-XW7T-1A278-ACGM 3091,GM3097DC 10613,DC 10614,DC 106155.被动安全试验室5.1主要设备:(1) 实车碰撞试验室:牵引系统、高速摄像机、灯光系统、数采系统、试验假人、力墙(2) 模拟台车碰撞试验室:加速台车、减速台车实车碰撞试验室试验能力:最大能满足自重5t汽车120Km/h的正面碰撞要求,直线轨道总长250m,并建有15角间隔的碰撞跑道6条,可实现自重为2.5吨的两车等速角度对撞。实车碰撞试验室建成后可以实现国标、欧美法规以及各国的NCAP的验证,同时为公司的研发设计提供技术支持。
17、牵引系统:采用进口设备,牵引速度为8-120km/h,精度为0.1km/h,平均加速度0.3g,这样可以保证试验的准确性和重复性。一套牵引系统实现整车的正面碰撞、侧面碰撞、两车的角度等速对撞及减速台车功能。 高速摄像机:总计24台,涵盖实车碰撞试验、台车模拟试验以及翻滚试验,采用高分辨率耐冲击型摄像机,为法规验证和产品开发提供了有效的试验保障。 灯光系统:采用进口金属卤素灯,无频闪,最大照度高于12万勒克斯,平均照度大于60000勒克斯,显色指数大于90,色温大于5600K,有效地保障了拍摄画面的质量。数采系统:总共384通道,其中实车碰撞256通道,台车模拟碰撞128通道。还有两个12通道的
18、Timer用于气囊点爆爆试验。数采系统不仅仅应用于法规试验,更多的为产品开发提供可靠数据。试验假人:26个,包含国标、欧标、美标碰撞试验的全部假人。力墙:碰撞壁带有压力传感器,可以采集汽车碰状时力的分布,为产品开发提供试验手段。减速台车:在90度轨道上加一减速台车设备,增加了台车试验能力,提高了设备的利用率。台车模拟碰撞试验室 加速台车有效载荷大于2000kg,能满足最大4*1.8m(长*宽)车型,加速最大速度90Km/h,主要用于安全部件与车身匹配,开发试验需要。 减速台车主要用于安全部件(安全带,气囊,座椅等)法规的验证。 一期建设加速台车有两种方案选择,一种是选用空压发射,一种是液压发射
19、。空压发射的加速台车价格比较便宜,但复现波形的精度相对液压的加速台车差一些,而液压的台车价格比较昂贵。5.2主要试验检验标准试验类型试验项目现行依据标准备注实车碰撞正面碰撞试验(包括正面撞柱、左右30角障碍物碰撞)GB 11551-2003/C-NCAP中国ECE R94/Euro-NCAP欧洲FMVSS 208/US-NCAP/IIHS美国侧面碰撞试验(包括侧面撞柱)GB 20071-2006/ C-NCAP中国FMVSS 214/ US-NCAP/IIHS美国ECE R95/ Euro-NCAP欧洲后撞试验GB 20072-2006中国FMVSS 301美国ECE R34;R44欧洲两车成
20、角度等速碰撞车辆静态翻转试验FMBSS301美国安全气囊匹配试验FMVSS208/ECE R94/NCAP斜坡翻车试验-螺旋滚翻试验-FVMSS208翻滚试验FVMSS208Tip over6.灯光试验室6.1主要设备相应的检测设备主要有:球形光度计、前大灯(包括前照灯和前雾灯)配光测试系统(包括转台、控制系统、照准装置和配光屏幕)、光信号(包括信号灯和回复反射器)测试系统(包括转台、控制系统和光信号装置试验台)以及色度仪等。6.2主要试验检验标准:GB 4599汽车前照灯配光性能GB 11554 汽车及挂车后雾灯配光性能GB 15235 汽车倒车灯配光性能 GB 17509 汽车和挂车转向信
21、号灯配光性能 GB 18099 汽车及挂车侧标志灯配光性能 GB 18408 汽车及挂车后牌照板照明装置配光性能 GB 18409 汽车驶车灯配光性能 GB 4660 汽车前雾灯配光性能GB 5920 汽车及挂车前位灯、后位灯、示廓灯 ECE R1 (Headlamps with incandescent lamps R2/HS1) ECE R3 (Reflex reflectors for road vehicles and trailers) ECE R4 (License plate illumination) ECE R5 (Sealed beam headlamps) ECE R6
22、(Turn indicators including new feature burn-in LED turn signal lamps in flashing mode) ECE R7 (Rear, end, brake lamps) ECE R8 (H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4 and H7 headlamps) ECE R19 (Fog headlamps) ECE R20 (H4 headlamps) ECE R23 (Reversing lamps) ECE R27 (Reflex reflectors of warning triangles) ECE R31 (HSB
23、 headlamps) ECE R38 (rear fog lamps) ECE R45 (Photometric evaluation of headlamp cleaning systems) ECE R50 ( Moped and motor cycle lamps) ECE R56 (Moped headlamps) ECE R57(Motor cycle headlamps) ECE R69 (Reflex reflectors of rear marking plates for slowly driving vehicles) ECE R70 (Reflex reflectors
24、 of rear marking plates for trucks and their trailers) ECE R72 (HS1 headlamps for Motorcycle) ECE R76 (Headlamps for Mopeds) ECE R77 (Parking lamps) ECE R82 (HS2 headlamps for Mopeds) ECE R87 (Daytime running lamps) ECE R91(Side marking lamps) ECE R98 (HID light sources) ECE R104 (Reflex reflectors
25、for contour marking of vehicles) ECE R112 (Asymmetric headlamps) ECE R113 (Symmetric headlamps) SAE J131 (Motor cycle turn signal lamps) SAE J222 (Parking lams front position lamps) SAE J581 (Auxiliary high beam lamps) SAE J582 (Auxiliary low beam lamps) SAE J583 (Front fog lamps) SAE J584 (Motor cy
26、cle headlamps) SAE J585 (Tail lamps rear position lamps for use on motor vehicles less than 2032 mm overall width) SAE J586 (Stop lamps for use on motor vehicles less than 2032 mm overall width) SAE J588 (Turn signal lamps for use on motor vehicles less than 2032 mm overall width) SAE J592 (Side mar
27、ker lamps for use on motor vehicles less than 2032 mm overall width) SAE J593 (Back-up lamps / reversing lamps) SAE J594 (Reflex reflectors) SAE J774 (Emergency warning device reflex reflectors) SAE J852 (Front cornering lamps for use on motor vehicles) SAE J914 ( Side turn signal lamps for vehicles
28、 less than 12 m in length) SAE J943 (Slow Moving Vehicle Identification Emblem reflex reflectors) SAE J1306 (Motorcycle auxiliary front lamps) SAE J1319 (Fog tail lamps) SAE J1373 (Rear cornering lamps for use on motor vehicles less than 9.1 m in overall length) SAE J1432 (High mounted stop lamps fo
29、r use on vehicles 2032 mm or more overall width) SAE J1889 (LED lighting devices) SAE J1957 (Center high mounted stop lamps for use on vehicles 2032 mm less overall width) SAE J2009 (Discharge forward lighting systems) SAE J2040 (Tail / rear lamps for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more overall width) S
30、AE J2041 (Reflex reflectors for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more overall width) SAE J2042 (Clearance, sidemarker, and identification lamps for use vehicles 2032 mm or more overall width) SAE J2061 (Stop lamps and front- and rear turn signal lamps for use on Motor vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width) SAE J2087 (Daytime running lamps for use on motor vehicles) SAE J2111 (P
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