高考英语词汇知识串讲.docx

1、高考英语词汇知识串讲2008高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、Language Points1.sharev. 分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份sparea. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本savev. 节省，救出2.He felt lucky to have survived the war.3.with sb about

2、/over sth：和某人就某事争论arguefor/against sth：赞成/反对Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语So it is/was with+另一主语6.should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7.except/b

3、ut/except for/except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8.The first time+从句For the first time：作时间状语Its the first time+that-clause(完成时)the first+名词+to do9.mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（状）10.be equal to sth：与相等be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)

4、某事equal sth：与相等equal sb in sth：在方面与某人匹敌pareto/withcompared to/with12.a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/two dozen of +pron.13.much too+adj/adv(原级)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之

5、意)sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to do：某人突然想起15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do：表将来With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行 Done：表过去16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.二、语法专题

6、名词的考点1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。2. 考查名词的格，即 s所有格，of所有格或双重所有格。3. 名词作定语。4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。三、题型归纳辨析型单项填空1. 名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而a people指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如: exercise指锻炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如: event指发生的重大事件、体育项目；in

7、cident指偶发事件；而accident指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别，如: cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称)。2. 动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如: advise与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；t

8、o do形式表示即将进行的动作等。3. 形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如: clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反应快；wise指选择的正确等。此外，如wide与broad; strong与powerful; interesting与interested; exciting与excited等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如: close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。三是注意同根副词的区别，如: hard与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovel

9、y, lively实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别，如: present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。4. 介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over为动作介词，across强调从表面横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的区别。5. 连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义

10、，如：when, while与as; because, since与for; whether与if; though, as与although等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/secondtime; the moment; the minute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意连词的词序，如: only if与if only, 前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是就好了”。6. 代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other,

11、 others, the other, the others, another等；人称代词，如: one, it, that等和关系代词，如: which与that; which与as; whose与prep.+which/whom等。1. Does the teacher_ you to go home this weekend?A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve2. After the big fire, the house was completely_.A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled3

12、. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest_.A. living B. alive C. lively D. live4. _ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of5. Its necessary to have some_ knowledge for this job.A. electric B. electrical C. elctr

13、on D. electricity6. The photo_ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged7. On New Years Day, people, especially girls, always wear new_-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths8. He stays up_ in the evenings to go

14、 online to get the_ information.A. late, latest B. lately, last C. late, last D. latest, latest9. _ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesnt know it either.A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How much good10. _ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly

15、 D. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become_ her?A. from B. of C. into D. /12. Who do you think will be allowed_ there tomorrow?A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship_ the sea.A. in B. across C. from in D.

16、across from14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be_ each time you use it to help you work.A. for B. of C. at D. on15. I thought he was not_ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.A. something B. anything C.

17、 somebody D. anybody16. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no_ but to take a taxi.A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection17. _ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.A. Tens of thousands of B. Tens upon thousands ofC. Tens in thousands D. Ten thousands of18.

18、The farmers plan to produce three times_ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.A. of crop as much this year as B. as much crop this year asC. as more crop this year as D. much crop this year than19. I think the house is_ large for a family of four people and the price is

19、very reasonable.A. too B. rather C. fairly D. a little20. His mother dislikes him, for he_ lies.A. tells B. is always telling C. has told D. always told1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB第2讲一、Language points1. sb./sth.+adj/n sb./sth.+to do consider(以为，认为) sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider

20、(考虑) doing 疑问词+to do sth “把当作”的译法：consideras =think of/look on/take/regard/treat/haveas2. to do A way+ of doing (that/in which)+定语从句 A method of doing sth by this meansYou can solve the problem+ with this method in this wayby means of:通过方式，以手段by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式 by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行

21、，请 by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）3. protect(from) doing sth prevent/stop(from) doing sth keepfrom doing keepdoing under the potection of4. as well as well as might/may as well=had better5. to do specially+ for-phrase especially6. along the river:沿着河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿过森林 by t

22、he river:在河边 on the bank:在河岸上7. follow the instructions follow ones advice as follows8. be responsible to sb for sth9. n. doing/to do sth sb to do sthprefer+ sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一个接一个（强调动作的重复） n. +by

23、+n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化） tree after tree/day by day11. say “hi” to sb. Please remember me to sb.向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb.12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do stheg. This question is

24、 difficult to answer.=Its difficult to answer the question.The man is hard to work with.=Its hard to work with the man.当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。Eg. He wants water to drink. She has a room to live in.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?二、语法

25、专题冠词的考点1. 考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。2. 考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。3. 考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指，an Edison。4. 考查零冠词的用法。三、题型归纳结构型单项填空结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句

26、子的判断。1. 有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解。2. 标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。3. 插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。4. 倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were, had, 和should应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）

27、as, though引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not onlybut also连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no soonertham, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen都表示“一就”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。 10）only+副词/介词短语/宾

28、语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在so/suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。5. 强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。6. 独立主格结构。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1. He said he would do what he could_ us.A. help B. to help C.

29、 helping D. helped2. He spent all the money he had_ that dictionary.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of_ from the country.A. that B. which C. whom D. them4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, _ defeated his rival.A. that B. whi

30、ch C. what D. who5. The way you think of_ our living conditions sounds reasonable.A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improvement6. I feel strongly that whatever you_ matter to me.A. dont B. do doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do7. Is this school_ you studied in two years ago?A. that B. when C. it D. the one8. Please tell me the way thought of_ the garden.A. take care of B. to take care of C. taking care of D. how to take care of9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had_