1、高中英语语法复习21 连词语法复习二十一:连 词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用;而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句等。(一)并列连词: 并列连词可用来连接词与词,词组与词组,分句与分句。常用的并列连词有:and(和),as well as(既又),both and(不但而且),not only but also(不但而且),not but(不是而是),neither nor(既不也不),either or(不是就是),or(或者),but (但是),y
2、et(然而),for(因为),so(所以),while(而),when(这时)等。如:Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.(二)从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有: 引导时间状语从句的:a
3、fter, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as 引导让步状语从句的:although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) 引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的:so that , such that 引导目的状语从句的:so that , in order that 引导比较状语从句的:as as , not so (as) as , than 引
4、导方式状语从句的:as if 引导主语,宾语或表语从句的连词主要有:that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。(三)某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别 1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别:while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替,等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如:Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying;
5、 when除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于 “at the time”,也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的,也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时,进行时,或完成时。例如:When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(when不能换成while)He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.(when可换成while)as常可与when,while通用,但强调“一边、一边”。例如:As (when, while)
6、 I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如:When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果”、“假如”,例如:Ill come when (if) Im free. 2
7、、before作连词一般表示时间,意为“在之前”,但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译:He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我;Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话,他已经给我量好了尺寸。 3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定句时,结构为not until (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可,意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到为止”。例如:They played
8、volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk(延续性动词)until (till) the interpreter(译员)came./ He didnt go to bed(非延续性动词)until (till) the his father came back.;until可以放在句首,till则不行,例如:Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.(倒装);till,
9、until只用于时间,以下句子是错误的:We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用as far as或to)。 4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别:如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子,一定用because回答。例如:He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.;如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从
10、句一般放在句子的开头。例如:As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin. 5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样,但注意以下区别:although用于各种文体,而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后,主句不能用but,但可用副词yet, still。例如:Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或y
11、et they went on working)though常与even连用,even though表示强调,意为“即使”,但不能说even although,例如:Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling. though可用作副词,意为“然而”,常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用,它只作连词。例如:It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 6、once作副词译“曾经”,作为连词译“一旦”,引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如:I dont beli
12、eve he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词) 7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if not 。例如:Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary i
13、s not too low.) 8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中,根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如:He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain. 9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别:引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,用whether,不用if。例如:Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the ta
14、sk on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether可接不定式,而if则不可。例如:I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调,而if则不可。例如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. whether和if均可引导
15、宾语从句, whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句,if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此时不能用whether),例如:Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置,它一般与 whether、if分开使用,有时它可与whether合起来使用,但不能与if合起来使用。例如:I dont know whether/ if they will come or
16、 not./ I dont know whether or not they will come.if可用来引导条件状语从句,译“如果”,whether则不行。例如:If you work hard, you are sure to succeed. 10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。as引导时间状语从句,意为“当时”。例如:As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. as引导方式状语从句,意为“象一样”。例如:We must do as the
17、Party teaches us.as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”,例如:As you are tired, you had better rest.as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外,as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句,如:I have the same book as you.练习、连词1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.whe
18、n D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to
19、D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. because D.
20、 so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11.I thought he hated
21、the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Pe
22、ter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left. A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finishe
23、d. A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late. A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did. A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,
24、_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him. A. before B. after C. since D. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Til
25、l B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home? A. before B. as C. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D.
26、white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or. C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him. A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or n
27、ot is still unknown. A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On
28、 the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to
29、 do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say. A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you
30、work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. N
31、o matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as47. That is not _ I want. A. that B. why C. what D. wh
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