专题04 介词精讲深剖原卷版.docx

1、专题04 介词精讲深剖原卷版专题04 介词精讲深剖单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 2. （2019全国III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs，seven to be exact.3.（2019浙江卷）The

2、 answer _ this question is not clear.4.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking，cycling or swimming.than 5.（2018全国II卷）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 6.（2018全国III卷）I was searching

3、these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.7.（2017全国I卷）This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.8.（2017

4、全国II卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.9.（2017全国III卷）After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.单句改错1.（2019全国II卷）

5、When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal and decided to be a doctor. 2.（2019全国III卷） I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. 3.（2018全国I卷）At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，but he agreed. 4.（2018全国II卷）Still I

6、was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. 5.（2017全国I卷）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 6.（2017全国II卷）They have also bought for some gardening tools 7.（2017全国III卷）When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考

7、查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond。另外，for作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。一、介词with的用法主要意义例句“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。“随着”With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情

8、况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。“具有；带有；包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。【考题印证】单句语法填空(2016浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements _ specific examples.【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are n

9、ot used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _their hands.单句改错【变式探究】(2015新课标)Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted. （2018全国II卷）Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. 二、介词短语1动词介词短语含义account for说明 ag

10、ree on对达成协议 begin with以开始come across碰见go into调查keep from阻止look for寻找stand for代表agree with 同意(某人意见)wait for等待decide on对作出决定head for向前进live on靠生活look into调查stick to坚持agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对call for要求get into进入【考题印证】语法填空（2018全国卷)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing

11、.【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.2动词副词介词短语含义add up to合计达come up with提出get on with与相处融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受c

12、ome up against遭到反对do away with废除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for弥补stand out for坚决要求come up to达到get down to开始认真考虑live up to不辜负(期望)look out for当心run out of用完stick out for坚持要求dream of梦想做某事【考题印证】(2016新课标，64)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I w

13、as the first.3动词名词介词短语含义catch sight of突然看见make room for为腾出地方take pride in以为荣make friends with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in对感兴趣make fun of取笑take care of照顾take part in参加【特别提醒】揭密常考的介词短语1at的用法含义及用法例句用在表示地点、场合、方位等的名词：前表示“在某处”Ill pick you up at the airport at 2 o clock this afternoon.今天下午两点我会到机场接

14、你用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、岁、时节等的名词前He left school at（ the age of）16他16岁便离开了学校。表示“以，按（价格、速度、数量等）”Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book.以正常价格收取门票费，无须预约。表示“因而； 听到看到想： 到就We were frightened at the terrible sight看到这可怕的景象，我们被吓到了。表示“朝，向（某方： 向、目标）”He shot at the bird but missed it他向那只鸟射击，但是没射中。表示“在方面”

15、Shes hopeless at managing people.她对人事管理一窍不通含有at的短语短语含义at a time一次at least至少at the same time同时at all costs不惜一切代价at most至多at times有时候at first最初at once立即at last最后at present目前at work起作用【考题印证】【变式探究】(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house

16、 during the hot day; _the same time，they warm up again for the night.2by的用法含义及用法例句(时间）不迟于，在之前 He is sure to come by three oclock.他三点之前肯定会来.（位置）靠近，在旁边附近On a cold evening, it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁边很舒服。表示“（标准、度量、数量）根据，按照，以计算”，常用结构为“bythe单数可数名词”They sell eggs by the dozen.他们按打卖鸡蛋。W

17、e rent the car by the day.我们按天租用汽车。（表示程度、数量）： 相差We lost the match by one goal.我们以一球之差输了这场比赛。经过，经由They came in by the back door.他们是从后门进来的。靠，用，通过（某种：方法、手段） You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通过电话订票。被由”（常置于表被动的动词后，后接动作的 执行者）He was knocked down by a car他被一辆小汽车撞倒了。含有by的短语短语含义by accident偶然by day/nigh

18、t白天/夜间by heart能背诵by turns轮流by birth出身by no means绝不by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下【考题印证】【变式探究】(2015陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma _the arm and walked her across the street. (2015新课标，66)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to G

19、uilin，its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.3含有in的短语短语含义in a sense从某种意义上说in case万一；如果in fact实际上in ones opinion在某人看来in other words换句话说in short总之in the long run从长远来看in advance事先；提前in store必将发生in general一般说来in no time立刻in public公开地in vain徒劳in time及时in the meanti

20、me同时in danger处于危险中in turn轮流in order井井有条in return作为回报in the end最后in all总共【考题印证】【变式探究】(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.4含有on的短语短语含义on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on ho

21、liday在休假on strike罢工on time准时on duty值日on behalf of代表on the contrary相反on the spot当场on fire着火on purpose故意地on the other hand另一方面【考题印证】【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.5含有out of的短语短语含义out of breath气喘吁吁 out of date过时out of order发生故障out of pa

22、tience失去耐心out of work失业out of control失去控制out of doors在户外out of question毫无疑问out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脱险out of fashion不合时尚out of luck倒霉out of shape变形out of touch失去联系6for的用法含义例句（表示目的或功能）为了Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work?你学英语是出于消还是为了工作？（表示对象或用途）给，对The prob

23、lem was that it was too expensive for everyday use.问题是这对日常使用来说太贵了。（表示原因）因为，由于 Bill was arrested for dangerous driving比尔因危险驾驶而被拘捕（表示时间、距离、数量）达，计We drove for miles before we found a gas station我们开车数英里后才找到一个加油站。（表示等值或比例关系）换取He agreed to pay30 dollars for the picture他答应付300美元买下那幅面。支持，赞成How many people v

24、oted for the proposal？有多少人支持这项提议？至于，关于，就而言Its cold for the time of year.在一年的这个时节天气是冷了些。（表示去向）往，向（表示陈述或问题：的对象）适于，适合于A few days later she would be leaving for New York过几天她就要去组约了。Im sure shes the ideal person for the job.我确信她是这个职位的理想人选。【考题印证】【变式探究】(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young pan

25、da _more than two years.【谨记规则】（一）介词与动词构成的搭配短语含义call for需要pay for要付款apply for申请search for找，搜索wait for等待begin with 开始play with一起玩；玩弄care about介意feel like想要hold up举起rely on依靠pass by经过figure out想出dream of梦想listen to听refer to参考；查阅contribute to有助于；促成；贡献laugh at嘲笑chargefor为要价exchange for用来交换go back to 追溯到f

26、ocus on集中于【考题印证】(2018全国)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. (2016全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back my days on TV show in the mid-1980s (2014辽宁高考) OK.Dont laugh me. I may look funny. (2014广东高考) I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit had

27、 already been charged the reservation.（二）介词与名词构成的搭1atn表示状态短语含义at a loss不知所措at peace处于和平状态at war 处于战争中at work在工作【考题印证】（2015全国卷II）When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.2其他以a

28、t开头的介词短语短语含义at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以的代价at the risk of冒危险at the mercy of在支配下；任摆布3onn表示状态短语含义on exhibition/show在展出on fire着火on sale出售，打折on the way在途中on the decrease increase在减少在增加on holiday/vacation在度假on the top of 在顶端【考题印证】单句改错（2016.6月浙江高考）While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.“2策略”秒解语法填空题1.分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。【思路点拨】1. She patted him the head and said, My little boy, do you feel comfortable