托福核心单词2.docx

1、托福核心单词2advocate vt. 提倡，主张，拥护n. 提倡者；支持者；律师consumer advocate消费者保护团体；消费者权益倡导者If you advocate a particular action or plan, you recommend it publicly. 提倡But it turns out he is an advocate of biblical literalism.但结果他其实提倡圣经直译主义。 (普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程)aesthetic adj. 美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的aesthetic distance审美距离；美学距离ae

2、sthetic need美的需求；审美需求；aesthetic culture审美文化aesthetic education 审美教育 aesthetic value 审美价值aesthetic feeling 美感 Aesthetic is used to talk about beauty or art, and peoples appreciation of beautiful things. 审美的And it requires us to understand history not in moral terms, such as good and evil, but rather

3、in aesthetic terms.它需要我们,不是以道德层面去理解历史，去判断好坏“,而是要从审美的角度去看。(耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程)affect vt. 影响；感染； vi. 倾向；喜欢n. 情感；引起感情的因素If something affects a person or thing, it influences them or causes them to change in some way. (某事物) 影响 (某人或物)例：Nicotine adversely affects the functioning of the heart and arteries.尼古丁负

4、面地影响心脏和动脉的功能。Bright light affects the eyes.明亮的光线影响视力。affirm vt. 肯定；断言vi. 确认；断言affirm a judgment of the lower court 维持下级法庭的判决。If you affirm that something is true or that something exists, you state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists. 公开肯定例：The court affirmed that the information can be ma

5、de public under the Freedom of Information Act.法院公开肯定了此信息能依据自由信息法案公之于众。afflict vt. 折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼If you are afflicted by pain, illness, or disaster, it affects you badly and makes you suffer. 困扰例：Italy has been afflicted by political corruption for decades.意大利受政治腐败困扰已数十年了。affluent adj. 富裕的；丰富的；流畅的n. 支流；

6、富人affluent society 小康社会；富足社会If you are affluent, you have a lot of money. 富裕的The affluent are people who are affluent. 富人In some of the more affluent countries, corruption may be a major problem.VOA: special.2009.11.28aggregate vi. 聚集；合计vt. 集合；合计n. 合计；总计adj. 聚合的；集合的；合计的aggregate demand 总需求But at the

7、 level of the aggregate economy, we are wasting one of our most precious resources.但从总体经济层面上看，我们正在浪费我们最宝贵的资源之一。The sum will aggregate a thousand dollars. 总额共计一千元。aggressive adj. 侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的aggressive behavior 攻击行为；侵犯行为 aggressive attitude 侵犯态度 aggressive growth 积极成长型；进取型的投资管理An aggressive person

8、or animal has a quality of anger and determination that makes them ready to attack other people. 好斗的例：Some children are much more aggressive than others.一些孩子比其他孩子好斗得多。They are very aggressive to be type-A people who just simply made two extra hours out of their 24-hour day.他们渴望成为上等人,甚至希望每天,能多过两个小时。(

9、麻省理工公开课 - 媒体、教育、市场课程)alienate vt. 使疏远，离间；alienate from使疏远If you alienate someone, you make them become unfriendly or unsympathetic toward you. 冷落例：The government cannot afford to alienate either group.该政府承担不起冷落两个组织中的任何一个。To alienate a person from someone or something that they are normally linked wi

10、th means to cause them to be emotionally or intellectually separated from them. 使疏远例：His second wife, Alice, was determined to alienate him from his two boys.他的第2个妻子阿丽丝决心让他疏远他的两个儿子。allegory n. 寓言Ill describe my day with a much more interesting allegory.我要用更有趣的寓言故事描述我的一天。allergy n. 过敏症；反感；厌恶skin alle

11、rgy皮肤过敏food allergy 食物过敏，食品过敏；食物变态反应 If you have a particular allergy, you become ill or get a rash when you eat, smell, or touch something that does not normally make people ill. 过敏例：Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms.食物过敏会导致大量不同种类的症状。alleviate vt. 减轻，缓和alleviate

12、 fatigue缓解疲劳If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasant condition, you make it less intense or severe. 减轻 (不适)例：Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain.如今，很多方法可以被用来减轻背部疼痛。allocatevt. 分配；拨出；使坐落于vi. 分配；指定allocate funds 拨款；分配资金If one item or share of something is allocated to a

13、 particular person or for a particular purpose, it is given to that person or used for that purpose. 分配例：Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.票数有限，将分配给那些先申请的人。例：The 1985 federal budget allocated $7.3 billion for development programs.1985年联邦预算拨了73亿美元用于开发项目。alloy vt. 使成合金

14、；使减低成色n. 合金vi. 易于铸成合金Is it the only alloy element in steel?它是钢中唯一的合金元素吗?。alter vt. 改变，更改vi. 改变；修改If something alters or if you alter it, it changes. 更改例：Nothing has altered and the deadline still stands.什么也没有更改，最后期限依然有效。Youre not going to alter how much pleasure you enjoyed previously, how much suff

15、ering youve undergone previously.你无法改变,从前得到的多少快乐，从前遭受多少痛苦。 (耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选)altitude n. 高地；高度；high altitude 高海拔 in ones altitude 飘飘然；自高自大 美国俚语醉 altitude control 高度控制 altitude sickness 高空病 altitude difference 高度差，高差 If something is at a particular altitude, it is at that height above sea level. 海拔高度Th

16、e aircraft had reached its cruising altitude of about 39,000 feet.那架飞机已经达到了大约三万九千英尺的巡航高度。Helicopters perform poorly in hot weather and at high altitude.直升机在天气炎热和海拔较高时表现不佳。ambiguous adj. 模糊不清的；引起歧义的ambiguous words歧义词If you describe something as ambiguous, you mean that it is unclear or confusing beca

17、use it can be understood in more than one way. 模棱两可的例：This agreement is very ambiguous and open to various interpretations.这个协议非常模棱两可，可以有多种解释。ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的ambitious goal宏伟目标Someone who is ambitious has a strong desire to be successful, rich, or powerful. 雄心勃勃的例：Chris is so ambiti

18、ous, so determined to do it all.克里斯是如此雄心勃勃，如此坚决地要把它做完。Blair, I understand a thing or two about ambitious women, but without trust, youre lost.Let Chuck lick his wounds.布莱尔，我对有野心的女人略知一二，但缺少了信任，你就输了。让恰克自己舔伤口吧。(绯闻女孩第3季第6集)amiable adj. 和蔼可亲的，亲切的Someone who is amiable is friendly and pleasant to be with.

19、 和蔼可亲的WRITTEN例：She had been surprised at how amiable and polite he had been.她对他如此和蔼可亲、彬彬有礼感到了惊讶。If I were you, Id try to be a bit more amiable. It is the job of the number two to support the number one.如果我是你，我将努力变得更友善一点。二号人物的工作就是支持一号人物。amnesia n. 健忘症，内科 记忆缺失selective amnesia选择性遗忘；选择性失忆If someone is

20、suffering from amnesia, they have lost their memory. 失忆症例：People suffering from amnesia dont forget their general knowledge of objects.患有失忆症的人不会忘记他们对物品的常识。Amnesia is a loss of memory.健忘是一种记忆的丢失。ample adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的ample rainfall充足的雨量ample evidence 充分证据If there is an ample amount of something, ther

21、e is enough of it and usually some extra. 充足的例：Therell be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun.将会有充足的机会来放松、游泳和接受一些阳光。If you had more than fifty minutes, you could actually make ample use of it.如果你有超过50分钟的教学时间，你大可尝试去做。(耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论)analogy n. 类比；类推；类似by analogy 用类推的方法；同样 analogy me

22、thod 类比法；模拟方法 analogy analysis 类比分析 false analogy错误类比；错误类推；错误的类比If you make or draw an analogy between two things, you show that they are similar in some way. 类比例：The analogy between music and fragrance has stuck.音乐与香味的类比已经深入人心了。analysis n. 分析；分解；验定data analysis 数据分析analysis method 解析法Analysis is th

23、e process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it. 分析例：Sporting greatness defies analysis - but we know it when we see it.运动的伟大无法进行分析-但是我们一看就知道。ancestor n. 始祖，祖先；被继承人Your ancestors are the people from whom you are descended. 祖先 例：.our d

24、aily lives, so different from those of our ancestors.我们的日常生活，与我们祖先的生活如此不同。anonymous adj. 匿名的，无名的；anonymous methods匿名方法If you remain anonymous when you do something, you do not let people know that you were the person who did it. 匿名的例：You can remain anonymous if you wish.如果你愿意你可以保持匿名。例：An anonymous b

25、enefactor stepped in to provide the prize money.一位匿名捐助人参与进来提供了奖金。anticipate vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用If you anticipate an event, you realize in advance that it may happen and you are prepared for it. 预期例：At the time we couldnt have anticipated the result of our campaigning.当时我们不可能预期到我们活动的结果。例：It is antic

26、ipated that the equivalent of 192 full-time jobs will be lost.据预测相当于192个全职的工作将会丧失。antique adj. 古老的，年代久远的；过时的，古董的；古风的，古式的n. 古董，古玩antique furniture 古董家具；古典家具；古式家具An antique is an old object such as a piece of china or furniture that is valuable because of its beauty or rarity. 古董例：.a genuine antique.一

27、件真古董。apparent adj. 显然的；表面上的An apparent situation, quality, or feeling seems to exist, although you cannot be certain that it does exist. 未必真实的 例：I was a bit depressed by our apparent lack of progress.我对我们表面上的缺乏进展感到有点沮丧。If something is apparent to you, it is clear and obvious to you. 明显的 例：It has bee

28、n apparent that in other areas standards have held up well.显然在其他领域标准保持得良好。appeal vi. 呼吁；有吸引力 n.请求；吸引力；上诉；vt. 将上诉，对上诉If you appeal to someone to do something, you make a serious and urgent request to them. 呼吁例：He appealed to voters to go to the polls tomorrow.他呼吁选民们明天去投票站。If you appeal a decision to

29、someone in authority, you formally ask them to change it. 申诉例：We intend to appeal the verdict.我们打算对此裁决提出申诉。If something appeals to you, you find it attractive or interesting. 有吸引力例：On the other hand, the idea appealed to him.另一方面，这个主意对他有吸引力。applaud vt. 赞同；称赞；向喝采vi. 喝彩；鼓掌欢迎When a group of people appl

30、aud, they clap their hands in order to show approval, for example, when they have enjoyed a play or concert. 鼓掌例：The audience laughed and applauded.观众欢笑并且鼓掌。When an attitude or action is applauded, people praise it. 称赞例：He should be applauded for his courage.他应该因其勇气而受到称赞。appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi

31、. 增值；涨价If you appreciate something, for example, a piece of music or good food, you like it because you recognize its good qualities. 欣赏例：Anyone can appreciate our music.任何人都能欣赏我们的音乐。If you appreciate a situation or problem, you understand it and know what it involves. 理解例：She never really appreciated the depth and bitterness of the familys conflict.她从未真正理解该家庭矛盾的深度与激烈程度。If you