人教新课标高考一轮复习学案选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity.docx

1、人教新课标高考一轮复习学案选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity人教新课标2010年高考一轮复习学案选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent词形变化1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择election n.选举，推举，当选elective adj.可任

2、意选择的n.选修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民，侨民3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的，种族的racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 显然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚punish vt. 惩罚，处罚重点单词 1. majority n. 大多数；大半 2. applicant n. 申请人3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在4. indicate

3、vt. 指出；标示；表明 5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误6. insert vt.插入，嵌入重点词组1. live on 继续生活或存在2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉4. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作5. mark out 划线标出界线6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗7. a great/good many 相当多，很多重点句子1. California is the third largest state i

4、n the USA but has the largest population.2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.重点语法名词性从句（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. means / way / method【解释】means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定

5、的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配：做的方法：a way to do sth.a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means；用方法，借助：by means of. 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means；by the way顺便问一下；on one s way to在去的路上；in the way 挡住路【练习】用means，way，method填空。1). These veg

6、etables can be cooked in different _. 2). Only in this _ can you find out the truth.3). By this _ I get in touch with him.4). We express our thoughts by _ of words. 5). _ _ _ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _ (teach) need _ (improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no me

7、ans 6). teaching; improving / to be improved 2. percent / percentage【解释】percent 表示“百分之”，相当于“”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。【练习】用percent，percentage填空。1). I am a hundred _ in agreement with you.2). This company only supply 30 _ of what we need.3). The numbers are small

8、, in _ terms, but significant.4). There used to be a high _ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear【解释】obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。evide

9、nt意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。【练习】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。1). It was an _ mistake for him to have gone alone.2). The situation is _ to everyone.3). It was becoming increasingly _ that he disliked me.4). The applause made it _ that the play was a hit. Keys: 1).

10、 obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident 4. hire / employ / rent 【解释】 hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙

11、于，从事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。【练习】用hire，employ，rent填空。1). Our house has been _ by a newly-married

12、couple.2). It s important to _ proper words in writing poem.3). They _ _ in writing when I came. 4). They _ out boats by the hour. 5). We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择e

13、lection n.选举，推举，当选elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民，侨民3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的，种族的racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 显然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚punish vt. 惩罚，处罚【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In America, presidenti

14、al _ (elect) are held every four years. 2). They deserve to _ (punish) for putting passengers at risk. 3). She had to tidy the classroom as _ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese _ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase _ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6

15、). He is a victim of _ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger _ (apparent) gone. 8). Their motives, as will soon become _ (apparently), are completely selfish. Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants 5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). appare

16、nt .重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 (反义词minority少数；少数民族) 典例1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。重点用法be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a maj

17、ority over sb 超过对方的票数练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). English speakers form the _ (大多数) of the population.2). Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _ (介词) the majority. 3). They had a large majority _ (介词) the other party at the last election. 4). The majority of people _ (pref

18、er) peace to war.5). The majority of the damage _ (be) easy to repair.Keys: 1). majority 2). in 3). over 4). prefer / prefers 5). is2. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申请；运用，适用典例1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。2). As the wages were low, there were few applicant

19、s for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请这份工作。重点用法apply for. 申请 apply to. 适用fill in the application form for sth. 填写申请表练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Successful _ (apply) will receive notification within the week. 2). This rule can t be applied _ (介词) every case.3). You should _ _(申请) the job immediately, in perso

20、n or by letter. 4). The question in the second half of the form _ _ (适用) married men only.Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在典例1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。2). Didn t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟

21、到吗?重点用法occur to. (主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到练习 根据句子的意思填空或翻译。1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even _ _ her.2). A good idea _ _ him.3). _ (他从没想到) he might be falling in love with her. Keys: 1). occurred to 2). occurred to 3). It had never occurred to him that4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明ind

22、ication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的典例1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。重点用法 indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示 indicate that/wh-表示；示意练习 根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适

23、当的词。 1). The government has _ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.2). A flashing red light _ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.3). There is every _ (indicate) of a change in the weather.Keys: 1). indicated 2). indicated 3). indication 5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误 slippery adj. 滑溜

24、的 典例1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。重点用法let slip. 错过；无意中说出 let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)a slip of the tongue 口误练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). She _ _ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the com

25、pany.2). As the years _ by, I thought more and more about him. 3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and _ (slip). Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入典例He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。重点用法insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介

26、词。1). She inserted an additional paragraph _ an essay.2). Insert your fingers _ the layers and press them apart. Keys: 1). in 2). between .重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. live on 继续生活或存在 典例 She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。短语归纳 live短语：live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth

27、 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。1). The lonely old man _ _ charity. 2). Mozart is dead but his music _ _. 3). My gr

28、andfather _ _ both world wars. 4). We should work hard and try to _ _ _ our parents expectations.5). The brave girl is learning to _ _ her disability.Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with 2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等典例 They settled down in Canada and made a li

29、fe for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。短语归纳 life短语：bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活 lay down one s life (for sb/sth) 为献身；牺牲生命lead a dog s life 过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one s way in life 在生活中有所成就take one s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀 put an end to one s life: kill oneself 自杀take sb s life: kill sb 取某人性命 a/sb s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层 to the life 逼真 end one s days/life (in sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1). He laid down his life _