经济金融术语中英对照表.docx

1、经济金融术语中英对照表经济金融术语汉英对照表（表一）A安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmersincentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyac

2、counts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节weakne

3、sses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price;in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a ph

4、ased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate i

5、n the stock market承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate p

6、rojects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversion of household deposits储源萎缩decline in the availability of househ

7、old savings传导机制transmission mechanism从价税ad valorem tax从紧控制tight control存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系deposit insurance system存款货币银行deposit money banks存款准备金required reservesD打白条issue IOU大额存单certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono

8、-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”）bad loans呆账准备金loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idle loans贷款沉淀non-performing loans贷款分类loan classification贷款限额管理credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款ea

9、r-marked loans倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险moral hazard地区差别regional disparity第一产业the primary industry第二产业the secondary industry第三产业the service industry;the tertiary industry递延资产deferrable assets订货不足insufficient orders定期存款time deposits定向募集raising funds fr

10、om targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”）host country独立核算independent accounting短期国债treasury bills对冲操作sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondary marketF发行货币to issue currency发行总股本total stock issue法定准备金required reserves;reser

11、ve requirement法人股institutional shares法人股东institutional shareholders法治rule of law房地产投资real estate investment放松银根to ease monetary policy非现场稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构non-profit organizations分税制assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment s

12、ystem分业经营segregation of financial busines（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure风险管理risk management风险意识risk awareness风险资本比例risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准risk-based capital standard服务事业收入public service charges;users charges扶贫poverty

13、 alleviation负增长negative growth复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点reform experimentation杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest个人股non-institutional shares根本扭转fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作open market operations公款私

14、存deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业public utilities公有经济the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制public ownership工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值industrial value added供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业joint-equity ent

15、erprises股份制银行joint-equity banks固定资产贷款fixed asset loans关税减免tariffreduction and exemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为to regularize（or standardize）behavior规模效益economies of scale国计民生national interest and peoples livelihood国家对个人其他支出other government outlays to

16、individuals国家风险country risk国际分工international division of labor国际收支balance of payments国有独资商业银行wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门）the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosion of state assets国债回购government securities repurchase国债一级自营商primary u

17、nderwriters of government securities过度竞争excessive competition过度膨胀excessive expansion过热迹象signs of overheatingH合理预期rational expectation核心资本core capital合资企业joint-venture enterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控macroeconomic management（oradjustme

18、nt）宏观调控目标macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账bad debt还本付息debt service换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途funds in float汇兑支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank汇率并轨unification of exchange rates活期存款demand deposits汇率失调exchange rate misalignment混合所有制diversi

19、fied（mixed）ownership货币政策态势monetary policy stance货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建设投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals基本适度broadly appropriate经济金融术语汉英对照表（表二）所有者权益owners equityT逃税（请见“避税”）tax evasion套汇（1）指合法：currency swap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange剔

20、除季节性因素seasonally adjusted调节流动性to influence liquidity level贴现窗口discount window同比on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing（lending）同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate）同业融通票据inter-bank financing bills同业往来inter-bank transactions透支overdraft退税t

21、ax refund（rebate）头寸position吞吐基础货币adjustmentof monetary base脱媒现象disintermediationW外部审计external audit外国直接投资foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向

22、型经济export-oriented economy外债external debt外资企业foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证tax payment documentation违法经营illegal business委托存款entrusted deposits稳步增长steady growth稳健的银行系统a sound banking system稳中求进to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易book-entry（or pa

23、perless/scriptless）transaction物价监测price monitoringX吸纳流动性to absorb liquidity稀缺经济scarcity economy洗钱money laundering系统内调度fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机systemic financial crisis下岗工人laid-off employees下游企业down-stream enterprises现场稽核on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中）cash held outside the banking system乡镇企

24、业township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数consumer price index（CPI）消费税excise（consumption）tax消灭财政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡lackluster sales协议外资金额committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点new sources of econom

25、ic growth新开工项目new projects;newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真distorted signals信托投资公司trust and investment companies信息不对称information asymmetry信息反馈feedback（

26、information）信息共享系统information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用扩张credir expansion信用评级credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社”pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施administrative measures需求膨胀demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款window-dressing deposits削减冗员to shed excess labor force

27、寻租rent seeking迅速反弹quick reboundY养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场primary market应收未收利息overdue interest银行网点banking outlets赢利能力profitability营业税business tax硬贷款（商业贷款）commercial loans用地审批to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率managed floating exchange rate证券投资portfolio

28、investment游资（热钱）hot money有市场的产品marketable products有效供给effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入）off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（

29、revenue）预调pre-emptiveadjustment月环比on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款deposits at （with） the central bank在途资金fund in float增加农业投入to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳steady growth增值税