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刘毅10000词汇学习笔记.docx

1、刘毅10000词汇学习笔记lesson 1(1)abdomen:part of the body below the chest and diaphragm,containing the stomach. 腹部abdominal(adj) 腹部的 an abdominal operation 腹部手术belly:(口)front of the human body from the waist to the groin;belly 肚子,胃with an empty belly 空着肚子in the belly of a ship 在船腹里belly out(动词用法):鼓涨,凸出The wi

2、nd bellied out the sailsbereave:使某人丧失(尤指亲属) bereave sb of sb an accident which bereaved him of his wife 使他丧失妻子的事故the bereaved husband 死了妻子的男人the bereaved 丧失亲人的人bereavement(n):丧亲之痛,丧失亲人deprive:take sth away from sb;prevent sb from enjoying or using sth 剥夺sb/sth的sth;阻止某人享有或使用sthdeprive sb/sth of sthde

3、prive of ones civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权deprivation(n):剥夺;贫困;被剥夺的事物widespread deprivation 普遍贫困Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错失假日是极大的损失。deprived(adj):贫困的,穷苦的 deprived childhood 贫苦的童年consecrate:devote sth/sb to or reserve sth/sb for a special (esp religious) purpose 把sth/sb 献给sth/sb做某种(尤其宗教)用

4、途 consecrate sth/sb to sthconsecrate ones life to the service of God,to the relief of suffering 献身于为神服务(解除世人痛苦)的事业devote:give ones time,energy to sth/sb; dedicate 为某人付出,向某人奉献,献身于 devote oneself/sth to sb/sthdevoted(adj):热爱的,非常忠实的,全心全意的 a devoted son 孝子She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。devotee(

5、n):献身于某事物的人,热心者,某事物的迷恋者;某一宗派的拥护者 a devotee of sportdevotion(n): devotion to sth/sb 深爱,忠心,忠诚evoke:bring to mind(a feeling,memory) 引起或唤起情感,记忆produce or cause(a response ,reaction) 产生或引起(回应,反应)evocation(n):invoke:use as a reason for ones action 援用(sth)为行动依据或理由beg for sth by praying 以祷告祈求某事物The governme

6、nt has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having thebook banned.政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书。invocation(n): invocation to sb 求助于神或法律groove:沟,槽,纹习语:get into a groove 养成某种生活习惯furrow:犁沟,垄沟(v)(尤用被动语态)犁,使起皱纹newly furrowed fields 刚犁过的田地jolt:(使某人某物)颠簸着移动The old bus jolted along 旧公共汽车颠簸而行jolt sb into/out of sth:使某人受到震惊

7、而采取某种行动He was jolted out of his lethargy and into action when he realized he had only a short time to finish the article.他意识到须在很短的时间里就得把文章写完,立即振作精神写起来。joggle:使某人/某物轻轻摇动obsolete:不再使用的,过时的antiquated:(通常做贬义)过时的,废弃的prowl:小心的悄悄移动;悄悄行经(某处); about/around 徘徊wild animals prowling in the forest 在森林里轻轻行走的野兽I c

8、ould hear him prowling around in his bedroom all night.我听到他整夜在卧室里踱来踱去。rove:漂泊,流浪,漫游bands of hooligans roving round the streets 成群结伙在街上游荡的流氓习语:have a roving eye 时刻寻找着调情或做风流事的机会scoop:用铲、勺挖scoop sth out up 铲出,挖出shovel:用铲铲进 shovel sth into1status:地位 身份 职位situation:状况,处境,局面,形势 位置situation comedy 情景喜剧1:su

9、e对某人提起诉讼,控告某人 sue sb for sth 控告某人要求sthIf you dont complete the work, I will sue you for damages.如果你不把工作做完,我就要控告你支付赔偿。sue for sth (常用于法庭上)请求 sue for peace 请求和解indict:(就某事)控告,起诉或告发某人 indict sb for sthHe was indicted for murder.他被控杀人。lesson 1(2) bandit: member of a gang of armed robbers 土匪 强盗banditry(n

10、):盗匪行径brigand:(旧)土匪,强盗(尤指在山林中抢劫旅客的) commemorate :keep a great person or event in peoples memories 纪念(伟人,大事件等);指(雕像,纪念碑等)作为对某人某事的纪念We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday。我们放假一天以庆祝国庆。This memorial commemorates those who died in the war。这座纪念碑是纪念战争中的牺牲者的。celebrate:mark (a hapy o

11、r important day,event)with festivities and rejoicing 庆祝,祝贺celebrated(adj):著名的,驰名的 defile:(文或修辞)make sth dirty or impure 使某物肮脏或不纯rivers defiled by pollution 受污染的河流(特) march in single file or a narrow column 指部队单行或纵队前进defilement(n):污损,弄脏infect:(尤用于被动语态)使某人/某物传染,感染,污染某人/某物 infect sb/sth withThe laborat

12、ory animals had been infected with the bacteria。实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染。infection(n): with sth 传染,感染 the infection of the body with bacteria 身体受细菌侵染。 deviation:( from sth ) not following the normal or expected course、plan 偏离正常或原定的路线,计划 ;偏差deviation from the rules 违背规则deviate(v):( from sth )偏离路线,标准;背离devia

13、tionism(n):政治上的离经叛道delegate:( sb to sth )挑选或委派某人作代表;挑选或委派某人执行;将(权利、职责)委托给下级,授权给;delegate sb to a conference 委托某人作代表出席会议The new manager was delegated toreorganize the department。派这位新经理重新组织该部门。The job had to be delegated to an assistant。这项工作得交给助手去做。delegation(n):代表,委托 fortitude:(在痛苦、危险或困难面前表现出的)勇气、坚韧和

14、自制力He bore the pain with great fortitude。他以极大得毅力忍受了痛苦。endurance:忍耐力He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness。他生病得整个过程都表现出非凡的忍耐力。(特)endurance 作定语 endurance test 耐力测验endurable(adj)可忍耐的,可容忍的enduring(adj)持续的,持久的 inconsolable:that cannot be comforted 不能安慰的,无法慰藉的The children were inconsolable

15、when their father died。这些孩子因为丧父而悲伤不已。console sb on/for sth 安慰,慰问某人 Nothing could console him when his pet died。consolatory(adj):安慰的,慰问的depress(v):make sb sad and without enthusiasm 使某人忧愁、消沉、沮丧;将某物压下,推下,拉下;(尤指贸易)不活跃,不景气Wet weather always depresses me。我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒。depress a piano key 按下钢琴键depress sales

16、 使销售额下降depressed(adj):忧愁的,沮丧的,消沉的depressing(adj):令人忧愁的,使人沮丧的 nibble:( at sth)小口咬某物,轻咬;对(好意,提议)谨慎的表示有意接受fish nibbling (at) the bait 鱼轻咬鱼饵He nibbled at my idea, but would not make a definite decision。他对我的想法颇感兴趣,但不做出决定。bite:( into sth) 咬某人(某物)She bit into the apple。她咬了一口苹果。 pageant:盛装的游行,露天演出的历史剧;壮丽的场面

17、,伟观pageantry(n):壮丽的展示,盛况exhibition:展览,展览会(习语)make an exhibition of oneself(贬)当中出丑,出洋相 scourge:(用以打人的)鞭子;(比喻)引起灾害的事物或人(v)鞭打The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient。新老板来了以后,不称职的人就遭殃。disaster:灾难,灾祸;失败;(口语)彻底失败的人或事物As a teacher, he is a disaster。他是个很糟糕的教师。disastrous(adj):灾难性的,造成灾害的,失败的1 tumble:使某

18、人倒下或坠落(尤指身不由己或猛劲儿),但通常并无重伤tumble down the stairs 从楼梯上摔下fall:落下,跌落fall down/over :倒下(尤指突然间),倒塌fall away/off 向下倾斜fall into sth 进入某种状态,变成lesson 1(3) afflict:(v 通常用于被动语态)使某人某物苦恼、疼痛或悲伤 sb/sth with sthSevere drought has afflicted the countryside。严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。She is afflicted with(suffers from)arthritis。她患

19、关节炎。affliction(n)疼痛,折磨,悲痛;造成痛苦的事物 help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人distress:(通常用于被动语态)给某人某物带来痛苦,悲伤,苦难,贫困,困苦,危难等(n)极大的痛苦,悲伤,苦难等(的缘由);贫困,困苦;危难,困境Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress。马拉松比赛接近终点时,有些参赛者显出极难受的样子。Her death was a great distress to the family。她去世后全家人极为悲痛。A s

20、hip in distress 遇险的船distressful(adj)distressing (adj)令人痛苦的,令人苦恼的 censure:(v)严厉批评某人,正式责备某人(n)strong criticism or condemnation 指责,谴责,斥责Two MPs were censured by the speaker。有两个议员遭到议长的斥责。Pass a vote of censure on sb 通过对某人的不信任投票blame:(v)责备,责怪,指责,归咎于 sb for/on sthIf you fail the exam youll only have yours

21、elf to blame。你若考试不及格,只能怪你自己。(谚)A bad workman blames his tools。拙匠埋怨工具差。(习)be to blame for sth 对某坏事应负责,应受责备。Which driver was to blame for the accident? dissimulate:(v)hide or disguise ones thought or feelings;dissemble 隐藏,掩盖思想感情;假装dissimulation(n)deceive:(v) sb/oneself into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事,使自己信以为真去做

22、某事We were deceived into believing that he could help us。我们被骗了,还以为他能帮助我们。deceiver(n)骗子deception(n)欺骗, deception on the public 欺骗公众deceptive(adj)可能欺骗的,导致误解的 flog(v)重重责打某人(尤指用棍棒或鞭子);(口)卖给某人某物 sth to sbflogging(n)打,鞭笞spank(v)掴(尤指小孩)(尤指打屁股惩罚)spank a childs bottom 掴小孩的屁股(n)掴;掴在屁股上的第一巴掌 inscribe:(v)在某物上写、题

23、(诗句,名字等)(尤指做正式的永久性的记录) A on/in B B with A inscription(n)题字,题名,铭文caption(n)杂志,文章重的标题、题目;附于照片、插图上的说明文字;电影或电视上的字幕 meddle(v)(贬)干预,干涉,管闲事 in sth ;乱动、瞎动不应动的事情 with sthDont meddle in my affairs。别管我的事。Whos been meddling with my papers?谁乱翻了我的文件?meddlesome(adj)好干预,好管闲事的meddler(n)干预者,爱管闲事的人,瞎摆弄的人intervene(vi)指

24、人干涉,调停,调解,斡旋 in sth between A and B;指时间进入,介入,在其间;(指事情发生)以阻碍(某事);intervene in a dispute 调解纷争during the years that intervened 这期间的若干年intervention(n)干涉,介入interventionist(n)干涉主义者,主张干涉的人 postuer:(n)姿势,姿态;举止;看法,态度(v)以不自然的、装模作样的方式站着,坐着等;摆模特的姿势Stop posturing in front of that mirror。别在镜子前摆姿势了。attitude(n)看法,态

25、度 rummage(vi、n)翻找或搜寻某物 among/in/through sth for sth about/aroundransack(vt)彻底搜寻 sth for sth spout(v)指液体喷出,涌出 out of/fromwater spouting from a broken waterpipe 从破裂的水管中喷出的水pour(v)指液体不断流动(尤指从上而下)Blood was pouring from the wound。血从伤口中涌出。1 traverse(vt)走过,横贯或穿越某地区skies traversing the slopes 穿过斜坡的滑雪者(n)(一结

26、构中的)穿越一物体的部件;横梁;横臂;(尤指爬山时的)侧向运动intersect(vt)(尤用于被动语态)横断,横切;(指线条、道路)相交,交叉 sth with sthThe lines AB and CD intersect at E。直线AB与直线CD相交于点E。1 wistful(adj)发愁的,渴望的(尤指过去的或不可得到的东西)wistful eyes 露出渴求目光的眼睛yearning(n)渴望,热望 for sb/sthyearningly(adv)渴望地lesson 1(4) amicable:(adj)友好的,无敌意的An amicable settlement was r

27、eached。已达成和解。amicability(n)amiable:(adj)友好的,和蔼可亲的,好脾气的an amiable character 温柔的性格 blizzard:severe snowstorm 暴风雪snowstorm:heavy fall of snow,esp with a strong wind暴风雪,雪暴 cruise:(v)(航船)巡游,巡航;以中等速度行驶 abouta destroyer cruising about in the sea 在海上游弋的驱除舰Taxis cruised about,hoping to pick up late fares 出租车

28、以中等速度转来转去,希望能招徕到晚归的顾客。voyage:(v)航行,航海voyaging across the Indian Ocean 作穿越印度洋的航行 eradicate:(v)根除,消灭某事物,结束某事物Smallpox has almost been eradicated 天花几乎已消灭。extirpate:(v)根除或铲除extirpate social evils 根除社会弊病 glimmer:(v)发出微弱的闪光;(n)微弱的闪光glimmering(n)微光,迹象We began to see a glimmering of a solution to the proble

29、m 我们开始看到问题可望解决的迹象。gleam:(n)闪光,通常指反光gleam in sbs eyes 酝酿中的意念,令人向往的人和事物 lump:(v) sb/sth together 将人或物归并在一起考虑,将人或物同等分类或对待We have lumped all the advanced students in the single class。我们把程度高的学生都编在一个班里。lumpish(adj)指人粗大的,笨拙的,愚蠢的block:(v)阻碍,堵塞 sth up ransack:(v)彻底搜索某处 sth for sth ;抢劫,掠夺ransack the house for

30、 those papers 满屋子寻找那些文件rummage:(v)翻找,搜寻 among/in/through sth for sth slash:(v)用剑、刀砍 at sth(with sth).gash:(v)割一道伤口 sth on sthgash ones arm on a piece of broken glass 胳膊被玻璃碎片划了一个大口子 slump:(v)沉重的落下或倒下(n)商业萧条期,不景气Tired from her walk she slumped down onto the sofa。她走累了,一屁股坐到沙发上。depress:(v)使某人忧愁,消沉,沮丧1 v

31、ogue:(n)流行的或盛行的式样 for stha new vogue for lowheeled shoes 低跟鞋新潮流fashion:(n)样子,式样;时尚,风气dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时的lesson 1(5) ascribe(v) sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人造成或写成;归功于、归咎于某人(某事物)He ascribed his failure to bad luck。他把失败归咎于运气不好。This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare。这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作。ascribable(adj)(作表语) to sb/sth 可归于某人某事物的His success is ascribable simply to hard work。 他的成功是由于勤奋。attribute(v) sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是属于某人的,由某人引起的He attributes his success to hard work and a bit

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