高考冠词讲解.docx

1、高考冠词讲解语法专题(十二)冠词考 点 归 纳高考冠词部分的考查内容主要是a/an，定冠词及零冠词(即名词前不用冠词的情况)的选择和运用。它要求考生能在真实的交际情景及语境中正确地使用冠词，对名词的数有清楚的认识。下面结合高考试题加以归纳及总结。一、不定冠词的用法考点一： a/an用于表示泛指不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，可表示种类或属性，它往往有“一”的意思，但更侧重于说明各类或属性，而不强调数量；它也可表示“一”这个数量意思，此时和one差不多；还可表示“某一个”，但仍译作“一个”。归纳起来看以上三种情况都属于泛指的范畴。Rome was not built in a day.(句中a相当于

2、one表数量)twice a week/one at a time/in a word /8 hours a day(同上)A Zhang/ professor is waiting for you outside. (句中a相当于a certain 或some，表示某一个，但不知道具体是谁。)A teacher must love his students.(句中a teacher指的是一类人且属泛指。)考点二： 单数可数名词前a/an的选择不定冠词a，an用于单数可数名词，表示“一个/一本/一辆/”。an用于以元音开头的名词前(注意：不是以元音字母开头的词)。a book; a hospi

3、tal; a traffic accidentan apple; an orange; an easy going man用a还是用an，需注意如下几点：(1)以u开头的单词读ju 时用a，读 时用an。an unhappy boy；a useful language；a university(2)有些单词开头的辅音字母h不发音时，应该用an。an hour; an honest man但是：a hotel(3)注意有些合成词前不定冠词的使用。an 800word composition；a onelegged table(4)英语中抽象名词与物质名词属于不可数名词，但其中有部分，当前边有形容

4、词修饰时，名词前边也可以加不定冠词a/an，但不可受one的修饰，也没有复数形式，自然也不能加s或es，此类名词叫做特殊的单数名词。have a good time(玩得开心)；have a population of(有人口)；have a knowledge of(对了解，有方面知识)；have/cover an area of(占地)；for a long time(很久)。还有一部分不可数名词由抽象的不可数意义具体化成某一次短暂动作、行为、事件或具体的人。have a dream/rest/smoke/swim/wash/look/trip(一次短暂行动)take a walk/bat

5、h；make an early start/a decision/a change (同上)What a surprise you gave me！(surprise具体成一次惊喜)You have been a great help to me.(help具体成有帮助的人)Its a pleasure/an honour/a pity/a joy to.(令人的事)As a writer he is a success.(成功的人)What a pity/ shame/ honour！(多么令人的事)考点三： a/an与形容词、副词放在一起时的语序问题冠词在高考题中多次与形容词、副词放在一起

6、来考查语序；如全国题中It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.需牢记如下有关语序的短语或句子：Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.; a more efficient worker; a fairly easy question; a rather easy question/rather an easy question; quite a nice day; too nice a book; many a student; half an

7、 hour等。考点四： 固定短语中总用不定冠词的情况需牢记如下习惯用不定冠词的固定短语。become a writer (turn writer); for a while; once upon a time; as a rule; all of a sudden; on average; as a whole; in a hurry; to have / take a rest; keep an eye on; in a way; make it a rule; once in a while; with a smile; lend a hand; make a living; make a

8、 promise; dream a good dream; live a hard life; get in a word; have a pain; make an effort; make an apology; pay a visit to; have a word with sb.; have a cold; have a good time; keep a diary; at a loss; tell a lie; do sb. a favour; at a distance等。二、定冠词的用法考点一： 定冠词表示特指(1)定冠词主要和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西，它可以表

9、示说话双方都知道的人或事物，或有一个定语明确限定其范围或确定其为某一具体的人或事物；在初次提到某物时，一般用不定冠词，在第二次提到时用定冠词。The sign reads“In case of fire，break the glass and push the red button.”(与the glass一样the button为依场景可明确知道的消防器上的按钮。)He bought a TV and a video recorder，but he returned the TV yesterday.(后句中TV为第二次提到)in spring/in the spring of 1937(具

10、体某一年的春天)by 2090by the year 2090(2)定冠词与名词或形容词连用表示一类人或东西。A horse is a useful animal.(侧重于类别中任何一个的特点)The horse is a useful animal.(侧重于整个类别，以区别于另类物体)Horses are useful animals.(侧重于指类别中许多个体)马是(一种)有用的动物。(三个句子都表示类别，但各有侧重)The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.(不能用a，因为濒临灭绝的是整个虎类，而非任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)定冠词也可加形容

11、词来表示类指的意义。如：the blind/rich/wounded/new/learned/dying盲人/富人/伤员/新事物/博学者/垂死的人考点二： 固定短语及固定用法中要用the的情况需注意英语中一些固定短语中的the。by the hour / metre; in the distance; in the daytime; by the way; all the year round; on the left; on the other hand; in the darkness; catch / take sb. by the hand; pat / hit sb. on the

12、head / in the face; break the law; make the bed; on the phone ( on TV ); in the south of; in the east; the other day; in the 1870s; the Greens; for the good of; in the habit of; at the time of; for the time being; go to the doctors/cinema/theatre; on the whole; in the morning / afternoon等。还应注意：1. 有些

13、词前用冠词和不用冠词，意义不同be in hospital在住院be in the hospital在医院里be in prison在坐牢be in the prison在监狱里in front of在前面(指整体外部)in the front of在前部(指整体内部)by bus乘公共汽车(表交通方式)in a (the) bus 坐在公共汽车里(使用具体交通工具)at table/desk在就餐/学习at the table/desk在餐桌/书桌旁in charge of负责，掌管in the charge of在的掌管之下out of the question不可能out of ques

14、tion不成问题go to church去做礼拜go to the church到教堂去take place发生take the place(of)代替at sea在海上航行at the sea在海边in class在课堂上(多指上课时)in the class在班上leave school毕业leave the school离开学校，放学in future今后(从现在起的将来)from now onin the future将来by day在白天by the day按日计算；论日in possession of(人)拥有in the possession of(物)为人拥有2. 有些词前用定

15、冠词和用不定冠词，意义不同the number of.的数量a number of许多，大量the second time第二次a second time又一次(again)a Chinese一个中国人the Chinese中国人(总称)the most beautiful park最美的公园a most beautiful park一个十分美丽的公园三、零冠词的用法考点一： 泛指的不可数名词及复数名词前不加冠词零冠词可数名词复数表示泛指，不可数名词前不加任何冠词也可表示泛指。Cigarettes are bad for your health.We dont know whether the

16、re is water on the moon.考点二： 一些固定不需要冠词的词组英语中有许多习惯不用冠词的短语：in peace; in town; in use; in pencil; in trouble; in ink; in danger; in thought; day and night; hand in hand; shoulder to shoulder; husband and wife; heart and soul; step by step; at war; on duty; in honour of; in return; in search of; in fact

17、; in order; out of order; on guard; under repair; have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.; lose/gain weight; at daybreak /sunset/noon; from morning till night; by bike/bus/train; on foot; at breakfast(吃早饭时); at table(吃饭); at dinner(吃饭); in class(在课堂上); in court (出庭作证); in debt(欠债); in good (poor) heal

18、th身体健康(不健康); in good condition(状况好); in great demand; in great need; in time of danger; in office(就职); in favor of; with anger; in colour; in general; in size; in length; in character(在性格上); in sight; in (out of )order; on business; on holiday; on leave(休假); on strike; on watch; on fire; on time等。考点

19、三： 表季节、月份、星期、学科、三餐、球棋项目的名词前及称呼语、头衔名词Spring follows winter.(但要说in the winter of 1997)He studies biology at University.We have few classes on Saturday.(但要说on a rainy Sunday)We elected him president of our University.(名词作宾补)Child as/though he is，he knows a lot.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.解 题 技

20、 巧1. 准确翻译法冠词a/an表示“一个，一种，某一个”，一般泛指任意一个，而the表示“这个，那个”，是特指。所以在大多数情况下，如果我们能准确地把泛指或特指的意思翻译出来，就能够正确地解答该题。 2. 掌握特指还是泛指的含义特指是指说话人和听话人都知道的那个对象，而如果双方都不知道，我们就要注意，它是否表示的是泛指。考,例In Hangzhou Mr. Green was so struck by_beauty of_nature that he stayed for another night.A. /; /B. /; theC. the; / D. the; the答案与解析：Cbe

21、auty是特指“大自然的美丽”，故加定冠词；nature作“大自然”解，是不可数名词，不能加冠词。3. 掌握一些固定的搭配在一些短语中我们要用不定冠词，而在一些短语中，我们必须用定冠词。这就要求我们在平时的学习中，注意归纳和掌握，并且能够灵活地运用。例,1Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_thirteenth century.A. the; / B. the; theC. /; the D. /; /答案与解析：Cin use是一个固定短语，意思为“在使用之中”；century前有序数词

22、修饰，必须加定冠词。考,例Many people are still in_habit of writing silly things in_ public places.A. the; the B. /; /C. the; / D. /; the答案与解析：Cin the habit of意思为“有的习惯”。public places为复数名词，表示泛指，不能加冠词。错 解 分 析1.语境理解错误考,例This is our contribution to_world of the 21st century，_world of independence and natural underst

23、anding.A. the; / B. /; aC. a; the D. the; a答案与解析：D第一个world受后面限制性定语的修饰，故前面要加定冠词。第二个world是前面一个的同位语，of后面为描述性定语，故应加不定冠词。错因分析：正确理解上下文的语境，把握同一单词在不同语境中的用法。2短语搭配错误考,例Pears are usually sold by_weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.A. the; the B. /; aC. /; the D. the; a答案与解析：C按码/小时/年等用by the yard/hou

24、r/year.，但按重量/体积等用by weight/volume。错因分析：注意按码/小时/年/重量/体积等计算时定冠词的使用。3习惯用法错误考,例As you know ，_man cant live without_water.A. /; / B. the; aC. a; the D. /; the答案与解析：A句意：人类没有水不能生存。man表“人类”之意，其前不用冠词；water为不可数名词，其前也不用冠词。错因分析：注意不可数名词、抽象名词的冠词使用。4逻辑意思错误考,例I know_John Lennon, but not_famous one.A. /; a B. a; the

25、C. /; the D. the; a答案与解析：B从上下文可以看出第一空是指一个叫John Lennon的人，是泛指，所以用不定冠词；后一空是特指那个著名的John Lennon，所以用定冠词。错因分析：正确分析具体的语境，不能按照思维定势认为姓名前不加冠词。5句子结构错误考,例Would you like to join us?Sorry, but Im not_as any of you.A. so good a player B. so a good playerC. a such good player D. such good a player答案与解析：A冠词在“such不定冠词

26、形容词名词；so形容词不定冠词名词”中的位置。错因分析：注意在有such，so修饰时冠词的位置。考 题 对 接.高考题1(2009浙江)I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.Athat; aB/；theCthe; / Da; the答案与解析：D句意：我不理解这位工程师的意思是什么，但我对这项工程计划有了大致的了解。a rough idea意为“大致的想法或了解”，此处的idea是可数名词，表泛指；第二个空应为特指，所以用定冠词the。2(2009辽宁)This

27、 area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May.A/；a Ba; theCthe; the Dthe; a答案与解析：Cheaviest为形容词最高级，所以第一个空填定冠词the; 第二个空后的month与介词of后的May为同位关系，表特指，所以也应填the。故正确答案为C项。3(2009全国)What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting.Aa; / Bthe; /Cthe; an Da; the答案与解析：D句意：我需要的是一本讲解油画基本知识的书。第一空填

28、入不定冠词，表示泛指；第二空填入定冠词，在这里the ABC of sth.表示“的入门知识”。4(2009北京)The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.Athe; the Ba; aCa; the Dthe; a答案与解析：D句意：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，能长到29米长，是一座九层建筑物的高度。the加名词表一类事物，the blue whale指蓝鲸，第二个空泛指一座九层高的建筑，故选D项。5(2008辽宁，24)My neig

29、hbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.Aa; / Bthe; theC/; the Da; the答案与解析：D句意：我的邻居邀请我去散步，但我认为我已经连散步的力气都没有了。注意题干中ask sb. for a walk是固定短语，表示“邀请某人散步”，后半句补充完整是I dont think Ive got the energy to go for a walk，所以energy是特指“去散步的力气”。A、B、C三项均属冠词误用。6(2007浙江，4)I like _ color of your

30、skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse.Aa; the Ba; aCthe; a Dthe; the答案与解析：C句意：我喜欢你裙子的颜色。它和你的衬衫搭配得非常好。第一个空用the，特指裙子的颜色；第二个空用a，表泛指，指一种非常好的搭配。5(2009安徽)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.Aa; a Ba; theCthe; a Dthe; the答案与解析：A句意：如果我们不能创造一个污染更少的世界，我们就永远不能期盼一片更蓝的天空。此处都用不定冠词，表示泛指。8(2008山东，21)Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.A/; a B/; theCthe; the Dthe; a答案与解析：Dthe Internet“因特网”，表特指，因此必须加the; resource作“(教学)资源，办法”解，是可数名词。6(2009陕西)What _ pity that yo