31 重点词汇短语细解学年高二英语上学期人教版必修五同步复习全攻略.docx

1、31 重点词汇短语细解学年高二英语上学期人教版必修五同步复习全攻略重点词汇短语细解一、重点词汇细解1. impression n. 印象，感想；印记leave/make/have/give a impression 留下印象impress vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记；打动impress sth on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事be impressed by/with 被深深打动/感动(1) His speech _ _ _ _ _ the audience.他的演说给观众留下了相当好的影响。(2) His parents try to _ _ _ that it is very impor

2、tant to be honest. 他的父母尽力让他铭记诚实是很重要的。(3) We _ _ _ _ the standard of the childrens work.孩子们的作品水平给我们留下了深刻的印象。2. remind vt. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 使某人想起做某事；提醒某人做某事remind sb. that 使人想起；提醒；警告(1) I dont want them to _ _ _ her. 我不想让他们在我面前提起她。 (2) Please_ _ _ call her

3、up before ten.请提醒我在10点之前给他打电话。(3) She _ _ _ I hadnt watered the flowers. 她提醒我还没有浇花。【答案】：(1) remind me of (2) remind me to (3) reminded me that 【解析】 本题主要考查remind的用法3. lack n. & v. 缺乏；没有；不足 lack sth / lack for sth. 需要某物 for/through lack of 因缺乏 lacking adj. 短缺的，缺乏的 温馨提示：lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾

4、语(不用被动语态)，也可作不及物动词用；形容词lacking常与in连用。(1) They are so rich that they_ _ nothing. 他们非常富裕，什么也不缺。(2) He has got a bad headache _ _ _ sleep.因缺乏睡眠他患上了严重的头疼。(3) _ _ ,Tom missed a couple of opportunities to get the job.由于缺乏勇气，汤姆错失了好几次得到工作的机会。【答案】：(1) lack for (2) through lack of (3) Lacking confidence 【解析】本

5、题主要考查lack的用法4. surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物 surrounding adj. 附近的，周围的；仅用于名词前surround sth. /sb. (with sth/sb.) 围住某人/某物be surrounded with/by被环绕(1) Foxes started coming in from the_ countryside.狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。(2) Its our duty to keep our _ clean.保持我们周围的环境清洁是我们的责。(3) They have _ the town _troops.他们出动了军队包围了该城。

6、(4) The lake _ _ _ trees .这个湖被树所包围。5. desert vt. 遗弃；放弃 n. 沙漠；荒原 (1) But how could he _ her now ? 但是他现在怎么能抛弃她呢？(2) The soldiers died of thirst_ _ _ . 士兵们在沙漠中因长期干渴而死。(3) The _ _ blows hard towards your home. 沙漠里的风猛烈的刮向你的家园。【答案】：(1) desert (2) in the desert (3) desert wind 【解析】本题主要考查desert的用法6. adjust

7、vt. 调整，使适合；校准adjust (oneself) to 适应，调整 适应，调整 (1) We cant _ weather, but I can adjust mood! 我们不能左右天气，但我们能够调节心情！(2) The body _ _ _ changes of temperature. 身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。(3) We must _ _ _ times and still hold to unchanging principles. 我们必须适应变动的时代，而仍坚持不变的原则。【答案】：(1) adjust (2) adjusts itself to (3) adj

8、ust to changing 【解析】本题主要考查adjust的用法。7. tolerate vt. 忍受；默许；宽恕 教材原句 At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，新的环境让我很难忍受。tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事tolerance n. 宽容tolerant adj. 宽容的(1) Trust and_ come from motivations from the environment. 信任和宽容说到底是来自外部的动力。(2) We dont _ _

9、in the library. 我们不容许在图书馆里抽烟。(3) I cant_ that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。8. flashing adj. 闪烁的；闪光的 flash into 闪现；一闪而入 flash through 突然想到；一闪而过 (1) The _ red light drew close behind. 闪闪的红光紧紧在后尾随着。(2) The idea _ _ his mind. 他忽然想起了这个主意。(3) The thought _ _my mind that he could be lying. 我心中闪过一个想法：他可能在撒谎。【答

10、案】：(1) flashing (2) flashed into (3) flashed through 【解析】本题主要考查flash的用法9. typist n. 打字员 type v. 打字； n. 种类，类型； typewriter n. 打字机 (1) He took up his job as _ _ in 2009. 他2009年开始从事打字员的工作。(2) He _ _as fast as she .他打字能够打得和她一样快。(3) Do you know _ _ of blood there are?你知道有几种类型的血型吗？ 【答案】：(1) a typist (2) ca

11、n type (3) what types 【解析】本题主要考查type的用法10. instant n. 片刻，顷刻 adj. 立即的；紧迫的 教材原句 You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent.你把这种金属带子放在你的头上，排除杂念，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要传递的信息；片刻功夫信息就发出去了。in instant need of help 急需救助in an ins

12、tant 立刻，马上for an instant一瞬间表“一就”的有：the minute/moment/second/instant, as soon as (1) The telegram asked for an _ reply . 这封电报要求立即回复。 (2) I shall be back_ _ _ .我马上就回来。(3) Please send me an email _ _ you reach Sichuan.你一到四川就给我发电子邮件。(4) The flood victims were_ _ _ _ _ .水灾难民急需救助。 11. swallow vt. 忍受；吞没 n.

13、 燕子 (1) He contracted his brows and _ medicine down. 他皱了皱眉头，然后一口把药水喝了下去。(2) I suspect you _ _ an enormous sum of the company. 我怀疑你侵吞了公司的一大笔钱。(3) One_ does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。（一花独放不是春。）【答案】：(1) swallowed (2) have swallowed (3) swallow 【解析】本题主要考查swallow的用法12. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 代表；

14、典型represent vt. 代表；表现(1) This view in the industry are quite_ . 这一观点在业内是相当有代表性的。(2) Presently the present is presented to the _ . 现在这份礼物已呈现在代表面前。(3) His opinion _ that of the majority. 他的意见代表大多数人的意见。 13. motivation n. 动机motive n. 动机motivational adj. 动机的；激发性的(1) _ is the leading affection factor cont

15、ributing to language learning. 动机是影响语言学习最重要的内部因素。(2) What was his _ for doing that? 他做那件事的动机是什麽？(3) He was a_ speaker, and vice president of a large company. 他是一位富于鼓动性的演说家，一家大公司的副总裁。【答案】：(1) Motivation (2) motive (3) motivational 【解析】本题主要考查motivation及其拓展词的用法14. require vt. 需要；要求；命令It requires that 有

16、的必要require sth. of sb. 对某人有的要求require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事温馨提示：require 接宾语从句时，宾语从句须用should do这样的虚拟语气，其中should 可以省略。表示“需要”时，后接动词-ing形式的主动式表示被动动含义，等于不定式被动形式。(1) In competition, women are required _ _ (表演) some of their exercises to music. (2) All the people present agreed that the matter required _ _

17、 /_ _ _ _ (调查).【答案】：(1) to perform (2) looking into/ to be looked into【解析】本题主要考查perform的用法15. assist vt. &vi. 帮助；援助；参与，出席assist sb. in/with sth. 辅助(某人)某事assist sb. in doing sth. 辅助(某人)做某事assist sb. to do sth. 辅助(某人)做某事assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在上给予帮助(1)The young nurse was very nervous when she _ _ (辅助) i

18、n her first operation.(2)A team of nurses _ _ _ (辅助医生）performing me operation.(3)She employed a woman to _ _ _ (辅导) the housework.(4)Good glasses will assist you _ _ (辅导阅读).16. guide n. 向导，指南，指导，导游，有指导意义的事物 vt.指导，管理，带领a guide to的指南guide post路标guide sb. through/across带领某人穿越(1)Teachers should _ _ _ _

19、(指导学生们进行)their studies.(2)These philosophical views can serve as _ _ _ _ (处世指南). (3)Its an important _ _ (指南)the study of science.【答案】：(1) guide the students in (2) a guide in life (3) guide in【解析】本题主要考查guide的用法17. switch n. 开关；转换；改变vt.& vi. 打开(或关掉)开关；改变；转换switch off 关掉；关上switch on 打开；接通switch out 切

20、断switch fromto由转变为；从转移到a switch in在方面的转变(1) 你离开办公室时务必把灯关掉。Be sure to _ _ the light when you leave the office.(2) 首先，你必须先接通你的计算机。First, you have to _ _ your computer.(3) 这位商人将把他的钱从伦敦转移到世界其他地方。The businessman will _ his money _ London _ other parts of the world.18. settlement n. 定居；解决settle v. 安家；定居；解

21、决settle down定居下来；安定下来settle down to 专心于settle in/into适应新环境；在新居安顿下来settler n. 移民；殖民者(1)他在新屋居住下来。He took up his _ in a new house.(2)你最好安定下来并开始复习功课。You had better _ _ and study the lesson.(3)动物们很快适应了动物园的生活。The animals quickly _ _ the zoo.【答案】：(1)settlement(2)settle down(3)settle in/into【解析】本题主要考查settle

22、ment及其拓展词的用法二、重点短语细解19. take up 拿起，接受，开始从事，继续，占（时间，地方） 教材原句 I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. 我仍然不能相信我是在接受这个去年获得的奖励。take down 写下；拆除take in 收留；吸收；欺骗；领会；理解take off 脱掉；起飞；成功take on 雇用；呈现；承担take over 接任；接替；采用(1) He had studied Japanese for a year and a half befo

23、re he _ _ English . 他开始学习英语之前已经学了一年半日语了。(2) Writing the paper_ _ most of the weekend. 写那篇论文占去了周末的大半时间。(3) Im going to_ this matter _ with my lawyer. 我将同我的律师一起处理此事。(4) He is _ _ my job while I am on holiday.我放假时，他接替我的工作。【答案】：(1) took up (2) took up (3) take up (4) taking over【解析】本题主要考查take相关短语的用法20.

24、be back on ones feet (困境后)恢复 on ones feet 站立着；站起；大病初愈；恢复健康；经济自立(1) Soon I _ _ _ _ _ again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. 没过多久，我就再次站立起来，跟着他去领取一台由电脑。 (2) Well soon have you _ _ _ again.我们很快就会使你恢复健康。(3) As soon as the bell rang the class were _ _ _ and out of the d

25、oor.铃一响，全班同学都站起来，跑到门外去。(4) The worst thing about working in the shop is that youre _ _ _ all day. 在商店里工作最糟糕的事情是要整天站着。 21. lose sight of 看不见 教材原句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是

26、大市场的地方时，王平不见了，因为很多气垫车都四面八方地在身边飞奔。catch sight of 望见；看到lose ones sight 失明come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘at first sight 乍一看at the sight of 看到out of sight 看不到in/within sight 在视野内(1) I saw her for a moment but then _ _ _ her in the crowd.我看到了她一会儿，但很快她就在人群中消失了。(2) I _ _ _ an empty seat at the back of the bus.我

27、看到公共汽车后面有一个坐位。(3) _ _ _ , out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。 (4) They fell in love with each other _ _ _ . 他们在第一次见面时就坠入爱河了。22. speed up加速reduce speed/slow down 减速pick up speed 逐渐加速at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of 以速度温馨提示：speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped。(1) Wed better _ _ if we want to be in time for the film.如果我们想即时看电影，最好要加快速度。 (2) The police car is running _ _ _ _ 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck