1、中考英语人教版总复习专题六动词ppt专题六 动 词考点一 动词的分类动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类:行为(实义)动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。1行为(实义)动词实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。I learn English every day.(English是learn的宾语)我每天都学英语。(2)及物动词可以跟 “双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语),也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。People give me their money. 人们给我钱。In England,people
2、 usually call me Jim for short.在英国,人们通常简称我Jim。I found a little boy cry in the corner yesterday.昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。(3)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。We arrived at London at noon.我们中午到达伦敦。注:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, t
3、ell, write, read,return等。2系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。She is very young.她很年轻。常见的系动词有:be,become(变成),get(成为;变得),look(看上去),seem(似乎;好像),turn(变得),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感觉),keep(保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态。3助动词助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be,have,shall(should),will(woul
4、d)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。(1)助动词be有下列几种形式:助动词be的功能有两个:与现在分词构成各种进行时态;和过去分词构成各种被动语态。We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。(2)助动词have有下列几种形式:助动词have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。(3)助动词do有下列几种形式: 肯定 否定缩略否定 原形 do do not dont 现在式第三人称 单数 does does not doesnt 过去式 did did no
5、t didnt助动词do的功能有四个:构成疑问句、否定句,作代动词和加强语气。Do you live in Beijing?你住在北京吗?(4)助动词will(过去式是would)和shall(过去式是should)有下列几种形式:助动词will(would)和shall(should)用于构成一般将来时和过去将来时态。will(would)可用于一切人称,shall(should)用于第一人称,较正式,现今多代之以will(would)。I shall/will be eighteen next year.明年我就18岁了。4情态动词情态动词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气
6、或情态等,如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有:can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,will/would,shall/should等。(1)can的用法:表示能力,意为“能;会”;表示推测,意为“可能”;表示请求允许,意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用can和cant。He can look after himself.他能照料自己。(2)may 的用法:表示请求、许可,意为“可以”;表示猜测,意为“可能;也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许,意为“可以
7、”,一般可互换使用;以may开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用may或can,而其否定回答则多用mustnt,而不用may not。(3)must的用法:表示“必须;应该”;表示推测,“一定”。must表示推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而cant表示“不可能”。否定句中,mustnt表示禁止,意为“不允许”;以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用neednt,neednt表示“不需要;不必”,相当于dont have to。You must tell your reason.你必须说出你的理由。
8、(4)need的用法:need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带to的不定式。You neednt come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.如果你有重要的事,下午的会就不必来了。Does she need to come? 她需要来吗?注:比较can和be able to两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用be
9、 able to来表示。另外,be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。must和cantmust用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。推测的否定形式、疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。 He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。考点二 短语动词英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分。
10、它们尽管由几个词构成,但可以作为一个整体看待,同行为动词一样使用。常用的构成方式主要有以下五种:1动词副词可用作及物或不及物动词,如ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词),look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同:宾语如果是名词,可以放在副词后面,也可以放在动词与副词之间;宾语如果是代词,则必须放在副词和动词之间。Please put on your coat.请穿上你的外套。Lets think it over.咱们再仔细考虑一下。2动词介词相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后。Youll look after her a
11、t home.你要在家照料她。Im looking for my MP4.我正在找我的MP4。3动词副词介词这类动词一律用作及物动词,如do away with“去掉”,go back to“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中,宾语要放在介词之后。The boy gets on well with his classmates.这个男孩与同学们相处得很融洽。4动词名词介词这类动词也只能用作及物动词,如take care of“照顾”,make use of“利用”。此种结构中,宾语放在介词之后。Well take part in the meeting tomorrow.明天我们都将参加会议。注:有
12、些“动词副词”结构和“动词介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。go bypass经过keep oncontinue继续call onvisit拜访ring uptelephone打电话set outstart开始care forlike喜欢5be形容词介词形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物动词,如be ready for“为做好准备”,be fond of“喜欢”,be afraid of“害怕”。考点训练1. (2013安徽)I will meet Jane at the station. Please_ what time she will arrive.Acount Bch
13、oose Ccheck Dcatch解析:考查动词词义辨析。count“计算”;choose“选择”;check“核对,查对”;catch“抓住”。由句意可知选C。答案:C2My uncle called and asked me if I had _the birthday gift from him.Ainvented Braised Creceived Dordered解析:考查动词词义辨析。invent“发明”;raise“举起”;receive“收到”;order“命令,预订”。由句意知选C。答案:C3(2013青岛)How much is the ticket to Central
14、 Park?A oneway ticket_ $40, and you can_ another $20 for a roundtrip.Acosts; pay Bcost; spendCpay; spend Dspends; pay解析:考查动词词义辨析。cost“花费”,物作主语;spend“花费”,人作主语;pay for“付款”,人作主语,由句意可知选A项。答案:A4. The roof of the house needs repairing. Its raining now; youd better get something to rain drops. A. control B
15、. cover C. carry D. catch 解析:考查动词词义辨析。Catch rain dropship“接住/装雨水”,符合语境。故选 D。答案:D5(2013泰安)One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to_ good eating habits.Agrow Bdevelop Cincrease Dfind解析:考查动词词义辨析。grow“生长”;develop“发展”;increase“增长”;find“发现”。develop a . habit“养成的习惯”,由句意可知应该选B。答案:B6(2013连云港)Wou
16、ld you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight, Kate?Id love to, but Ive_ Lindas invitation to dinner.Asuffered Bearned Creceived Daccepted解析:考查动词词义辨析。suffer“遭受”;earn“获得”;receive“收到”;accept“接受”。根据but可知,已经接受了赴宴的邀请。accept an invitation“接受邀请”,故选D。答案:D7To protect the environment, supermarkets don
17、t _ free plastic bags to shoppers.Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意为“为了保护环境,超市不给购物者提供免费的塑料袋”。take“带走”;show“展示,展览”;provide“提供,供给”;carry“搬运,携带”。故选C。答案:C8(2013青岛)Do you know why he didnt _a word when he _to?Because he was too nervous.Aspeak; speaks Bsay; was spokenCsay; spoke Dspeak; is spoken解
18、析:考查动词的用法。say“说,讲”,着重指说话的内容;speak接语言,speak to sb.“对某人说话”, 第二空表示“别人和他说话”,因此he与speak之间存在被动关系,由“he didnt”可知,时态为一般过去时,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。答案:B9(2013菏泽)You are _to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored.Asuggested Bsupported Ctaught Dsupposed解析:考查动词词义辨析。suggest“建
19、议”;support“支持”;teach“教”;be supposed to do则表示“应该做某事”,符合句意。答案:D10Look! There is a horse racing program on TV now.Hmm.It _exciting.Aseems Blooks like Cfeels Dseems like解析:考查连系动词的用法。seem“似乎,好像”;look like“看起来像”;feel“感觉”;seem like“似乎像”。look like和seem like后要接名词,故排除;it指代上文中的赛马节目,feel不能与其搭配,也应排除。故选A。答案:A11La
20、st Thursday when I got to the station, I _ I had left my ticket at home.Aunderstood BrealizedCbelieved Dseemed解析:考查动词词义辨析。understand“理解”;realize“意识到”;believe“相信”;seem“看起来”。句意为“上周四当我到达车站时,我意识到我把票忘在家里了”。故选B。答案:B12(2013重庆)Oh, it_ so nice. What beautiful music it is!Asmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooks解析:考查系动
21、词的词义辨析。smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;look“看起来”。音乐是用来“听”的。故选B。答案:B13Dear, you need to _ by next week, to go to university at home or to go abroad. You are going on eighteen.OK, Mum. I am considering it.Amake an appointment Bmake a suggestionCmake a decision解析:考查动词短语辨析。make an appointment“预约”;make
22、a suggestion“给出建议”;make a decision“作出决定”。根据答语“我正在考虑”可知,此处表示“在国内还是去国外上大学,你需要在下周之前作出决定”。故选C。答案:C14(2013泸州)Can you help me to_ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?Alook after Blook forClook at Dlook through解析:考查动词短语辨析。look after“照顾,照看”;look for“寻找”;look at“看”;look through“浏览”。由句意可知选A。答案:A15Do you have Ja
23、ys CDs?Sorry, they are _. But well get some more next week because they _.Asold well; are on sale Bsold out; sell wellCselling well; sell well Dfor sale; sell well解析:考查固定词组搭配。sell out“卖完”,可以用被动语态;sell well“畅销”,不能用被动语态。句意为“你有Jay的光盘吗?”“对不起,已经卖光了。但是我们在下周将再进一些来,因为很畅销。”故选B。答案:B16(2013宁波)Can I_ your bike?
24、With pleasure. But you mustnt_ it to others.Alend; borrow Bborrow; lendClend; lend Dborrow; borrow解析:考查动词辨析。lend“借出”;borrow“借入”。问句句意为“我能借你的自行车吗?”可知是借对方的东西,因此用borrow;答语句意为“当然可以,但是你不能把它借给别人”。lend sth. to sb.“借给某人某物”。故选B。答案:B17With the help of the Internet, information can _every corner of the world qu
25、ickly.Ago Bland Creach Darrive解析:考查动词词义辨析。go和arrive是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟名词,故排除A、D两项;land“降落”;reach“到达”。由句意“在因特网的帮助下,信息能很快地到达地球上的每个角落”可知选C。答案:C18(2013 安徽)The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties, but they havent_ hope.Apicked up Bgiven up Clooked for Dwaited for解析:考查动词短语辨析。pick up“拾起,捡起”;give up“放弃”
26、;look for“寻找”;wait for“等待”。由句意可知选B。答案:B19(2013滨州)So many problems! Im tired.You should try to_ them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.Aget into Bget off Cget on Dget over解析:考查动词短语辨析。get into“陷入”;get off“下车”;get on“上车”;get over“克服”。“克服困难”应该用get over,故选D。答案:D20(2013嘉兴)Its time for CCTV news.
27、 Lets_ the TV and watch it.Aturn on Bget on Ctry on Dput on解析:考查动词短语辨析。turn on“打开(电源等)”;get on“上(车、船等)”;try on“试穿”;put on“穿上”。由句意可知选A。答案:A21(2013重庆)Well_ an English play “Snow White” during this years Art Festival.Alook up Blook out Cput off Dput on解析:考查动词短语的辨析。look up“查找”;look out“当心”;put off“推迟”;p
28、ut on“穿上;表演”。根据句意“表演英语剧”可以判断用put on。故选D。答案:D22(2013金华)The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will_ at the end of this month.Ago out Bcome out Clook out Drun out解析:考查动词短语辨析。go out“出去”;come out“出来;出版”;look out“当心;留神”;run out“用完;用尽”,由句意可知选B项。答案:B23Dont _too la
29、te,or you will feel tired in class.Awake up Bget up Cstay up Dstand up解析:考查动词短语辨析。wake up“叫醒,醒来”;get up“起床”;stay up“熬夜”;stand up“站起来”。由后句“否则在课堂上你会感到很累”可知本句为“不要熬夜到太晚”,故选C项。答案:C24The food here smells good, but what does it _like?Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel解析:考查连系动词的用法。taste“尝起来”;touch“触摸,接触”,为行为动词;seem“
30、似乎,好像”;feel“摸起来”。由“这儿的食物闻起来不错”知要问“但尝起来怎么样呢?”故选A项。答案:A25(2013德州)Although many great people ever failed, they never_ and managed to succeed.Aset out Bstayed up Ckept on Dgave up解析:考查动词短语辨析。set out“动身,出发”;stay up“熬夜,不睡觉”;keep on“保持,继续,坚持”;give up“放弃”。由句意可知选D。答案:D26We cant do listening practice today,for Miss Zhaos taperecorder doesnt _.Aact Bdo Cserve Dwo
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