外研版必修三Unit4知识点详析和练习有答案.docx

1、外研版必修三Unit4知识点详析和练习有答案重点单词详析：（1）frightening 【原句回放】It has lasted for ten hours and was very frightening. 它（沙尘暴）持续了两个小时，真吓人！【点拨】frightening adj. 令人惊吓的a frightening film/story 恐怖电影/故事It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. 那段经历太恐怖了，他们表现得非常勇敢。【拓展】frighten v. 使惊吓，惊恐frightened

2、adj. 受惊吓的 a frightened horse 一匹受惊的马frighten sb. into/out of doing sth 吓得某人做/不敢做某事frighten sb. to death/frighten sb. out of life吓得要死What are you frightened of? 你怕什么？ He was frightened at the thought of his coming exam. 他一想到即将到来的考试就惊恐。（2）strength 【原句回放】The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast

3、a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. 中央气象站能在沙尘暴到达北京前几周进行预报，但风大得有时让人们吃惊。【点拨】strength n. 力量；力气；长处；强度; 体力；意志力；have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气；有做某事的意志力go from strength to strength 日益壮大on the strength of sth. 基于；受鼓励with all on

4、es strength 用尽全身的力气I dont have the strength to climb any further.我没有力气再往上爬了。Diana pulled on the rope with all her strength.黛安娜用尽全身的力气拉绳子。Be aware of your own strengths and weaknesses.要意识到你自己的长处和短处。I bought the book on the strength of your recommendation.我是因为听了你的推荐才买这本书的。【拓展】strengthen vt. 加强；增强；改善；s

5、trong adj. 强壮的；坚固的At present, America is taking some measures to strengthen economy.目前美国正在采取措施以改善经济。Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.这座桥需要维修加固。（3）major【原句回放】What is described as a major problem? 什么被描述成一个主要问题？【点拨】major adj. 较大的，较多的；主要的，主修的；较重要的；vi. 主修，专攻；n. 主修课程；主修学生 major problems 主要问题

6、the major subjects 主修课程play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用major in sth. 主修There are two major political parties in the US.美国有两大政党。 Shes a history major.她是历史专业的学生。 注意：major作形容词，无比较等级，既不能和than连用，也不能与to连用；作定语时反义词为minor。a major new book about American politics有关美国政治的一本比较重要的新书不能说：This book is major than/

7、to that one. 【拓展】majority n. 多数；（获胜的）票数 the majority of 的大多数be in a/the majority 占大多数，构成大部分by/with a majority of 以多数（4）last【原句回放】It has lasted for ten hours and was very frightening. 它（沙尘暴）持续了两个小时，真吓人！【点拨】last vi. 持续；vt. 经受住；够用；足够维持（尤指某段时间）；n. 末尾；最后；上个；adj. 最近的；最后的；最不可能的；惟一剩下的；adv. 上一次，最近一次；最后How lo

8、ng do you think this fine weather will last? 你看这样的好天气能持续多久? The marriage had lasted for less than two years.这段婚姻维持了不到两年。This coat lasts/ washes well.这种外衣耐洗。Enjoy it because it wont last. 尽情享受吧，因为这不会长久。last out相当于last，持续，持久，坚持How long can they last out without food? 没有食物他们能坚持多久呢？She is always the las

9、t to leave office.她总是最后一个离开办公室。Much has changed since my last visit.从我上次去到现在，很多事情已经变了。When were you there last? 你上次去是什么时候？【拓展】lasting adj. 持续很长一段时间的 a lasting effect/ interest/ relationship 持久的效力兴趣关系 （5）increase【原句回放】Sandstorms in China appear to have increased. 在中国沙尘暴似乎增多了【点拨】increase v. & n. 增加，反义

10、词为decrease (v. & n.)或reduce( v.)。Reading more can increase ones knowledge.多读书能增长一个人的知识。The population of this country increased dramatically last year.去年这个国家的人口大幅度地增长。increase to 增加到increase by 增加了on the increase 正在增加an increase in production/number/population 产量/数量/人口的增加Many firms are concentrating

11、 on increasing their markets overseas. 许多公司正在集中精力开拓它们的海外市场。【拓展】increasing adj. 日益增长的，越来越多的increasingly adv. 越来越多地；日益，格外；越来越The U.S. has increasingly relied on Japanese capital.美国越来越依赖日本的资本。（6）complain 【原句回放】He does nothing but complain. 他只是不停地埋怨。【点拨】complain vt.& vi. 抱怨；发牢骚；投诉，控告complain to sb. abou

12、t/of sth. 向某人抱怨/投诉某事Im going to complain to the manager about the quality of the MP4.我打算向经理投诉MP4的质量问题。complain that. 抱怨They complained that the price of books had increased.他们抱怨书价上涨了。complain of sth. 诉说（病痛等）cant complain 口还算好(虽然有些问题，但总体上比较满意)【拓展】complaint n. 诉苦、抱怨、牢骚make a complaint 提出投诉、发牢骚The pati

13、ent is making a complaint to the doctor of his bad headache.病人正在向医生诉说他的头痛。（7）urgent【原句回放】What is the most urgent problem of all? 最迫切的问题是什么？【点拨】urgent adj. 紧急的，迫切的；非常重要的They were urgent in their demand.他们的要求很迫切。There is an urgent need for food and water in the disaster area.灾区现在亟需食物和水。She was urgent

14、for the doctor to come.她急切地催促医生来。His voice was low and urgent.他的嗓音低沉而急切。【拓展】urge vt. 推进，极力主张；催促，激励urgency n紧急，迫切urge sb. to do. 敦促某人做urge sb. into doing. 敦促某人做urge sb. against 强烈反对urge on sb. 向某人强调（8）mass【原句回放】Scientists have tried many ways to solve the problem and in China, a mass campaign has bee

15、n started to help solve it. 科学家们尝试过多种方法解决这个问题。在中国，也发动了群众运动来对付沙尘暴。【点拨】mass n. 团，块，堆；大量，许多；adj.大批的，大量的，广泛的；vt. & vi.集结；聚集a mass of snow一堆积雪mass production批量生产weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器The sky was full of dark masses of clouds./ Dark clouds massed on the horizon.天空乌云密布。the masses 人民群众；大众I won

16、der if they truly care about the interests of the masses.我不知道.他们是否真正关心民众的利益。【拓展】下列短语都有“许多的，大量的”之意，可修饰可数或不可数名词：lots ofa lot of；quantities ofa quantity of；varieties ofa variety of；collections ofa collection of；supplies ofa (good) supply of；plenty of以下短语仅修饰可数名词：numbers ofa number of, many a, a good/gre

17、at many, quite a few以下短语仅修饰不可数名词：a great deal of, an amount of, quite a littlemasses of可用来修饰可数名词，也可用来修饰不可数名词。（9）evidence【原句回放】Check the meaning of the words. .evidence. 确认下列单词的含义：证据【点拨】evidence n. 根据，证明，是不可数名词。be in evidence 明显，显而易见on the evidence of sth. 用某事物作为证据have/show evidence of 有的迹象 It is evi

18、dent that. 很明显There is evidence that somebody has been living here. 有证据表明有人一直在这儿生活。【拓展】evidence, proof, witness辨析：evidence指有助于证明某事确实存在的任何事物，或与法律诉讼有关的物证，见证。proof指直接证明某事是事实的根据。witness亲眼见过某事的证人或提供的见证。evident adj. 明白的，明显的，近义词有obvious, apparent。evidently adv. 明显，显然重点词组详析：（1）be caught in【原句回放】“To have bee

19、n caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience，”he said. 他说：“遭遇上了沙尘暴是一次可怕的经历。”【点拨】be caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)；陷入，遇到，进退两难（= be stuck in/ be trapped in)Stephs hair was caught in the machine, and they had to cut it.斯蒂夫的头发被机器夹住了，他们不得不把它剪断。If you are caught stealing in some countries, they cut off your hand

20、.在有些国家，行窃被当场抓住的话是要被剁手的。If you take over Doras job, you are sure to be caught in the middle.如果接替多拉的工作，你一定会被搞得进退两难。【拓展】catch v. 抓住；患病；捕获；(被)卡住；搭上(汽车等)，当场发现，撞见,catch sb. doing sth. 抓到/看到某人正在做某事catch up with 赶上；追上,catch ones eye 引起某人的注意,catch hold of 抓住（2）take in【原句回放】Trees take in carbon dioxide and gi

21、ve out oxygen. 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。【点拨】take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；包含；收留；将（衣服）改瘦/小:He was homeless, so we took him in. 他无家可归, 我们就收留了他. I find it hard to take in what he teaches.我发现很难理解他教的内容。If the skirt is too big, we can take in the waist.如果裙子太大了，我们可以缩小腰部。The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food

22、.价格包含了所有的住宿和食物的费用。Dont be taken in by his charming manner; he is completely ruthless.不要被他那副讨人喜欢的外表所迷惑，其实他冷酷无情。（3）cut down【原句回放】Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 由于人们砍伐树木，挖掘草皮，沙漠便形成了。【点拨】cut down砍倒，削减，驳倒，改小或缩短(衣服)Your articles too long please cut it down to 1000

23、 words.你的文章太长了，请把它缩减到一千词。Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses.路边的很多大树已经被砍掉来盖房子。He asked 400 for the car, but we cut the price down to 350.这辆汽车他要价400英镑,但是我们把价杀到350英镑.cut down ones expenses 减少开支 You smoke too muchyou should try to cut down.你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。My doctors told me

24、 to cut down on carbohydrates.我的医生告诉我要减少碳水化合物的摄入量。【拓展】cut相关短语：cut out 剪除；切掉；割掉cut up 切碎；使伤心cut off 切断，停掉，隔绝cut across/through 抄近路穿过cut in 插入，插嘴cut open切开或破开某物cut up与cut down 并非是反义词组，且cut in与cut out 也不是反义词组。（4）give out【原句回放】Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。【点拨】give out发生

25、(光、热、声音、气体等)；分发，发布；公布；耗尽；用完，用尽表示“用光，用尽”时，give out, run out 是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语。use up, run out of 是及物动词短语，可接宾语。Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。It was given out that the prime minister was to undergo minor surgery.据宣布，首相将要接受小手术。My money began to give ou

26、t.我的钱快要用光了。【拓展】相关短语：give away 背弃，出卖，泄露(秘密)，暴露give back 归还；送回；报复give over 中止，停止做；交给/付，移交give forth 发/放出(声音、气味等)；发表，公布give in (to) 屈服，投降，退让give off (散)发出(蒸气)，发散(光线)give up 放弃，停/中止；让/交给；投降，认输，泄气give rise to 引起，使发生；造成give way 让路，让步give way to 给让路/让步；被代替 （5）look through 【原句回放】Look through the reading pas

27、sages and activities in this module. 浏览本单元的阅读文章和活动。【点拨】look through浏览，审核，彻底审查She looked through her notes before the exam.考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记。Ive looked through all my papers but I still cant find the contract.我已把所有的文件检查了一遍，但还是没有找到那份合同。I want to look through the drink list first. 我想先看看看饮料单。重点句型详析：（1）if pos

28、sible【原句回放】The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. 然后垃圾被带走，如果可能的话会进行回收利用。【句法分析】if possible是if it is possible的省略形式。当if，when, while，until，unless，once，whether等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句中含有系动词be的某种形式时，或从句的主语是it且含有be动词时，从句中的主语及部分谓语(be动词)可省略。if 引导省略的情况有下列几种：if any 如果有的话if necessary 需要的话if

29、so 如果是这样的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if not不这样的话I think theres a train at midday. If not, youll have to wait till 15:30.我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到下午三点半了。I dont suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any.我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if possible.如果可能的话，我想避开交通高峰期。（2）so.that.【原句回放】The

30、y are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. 沙尘暴经常是非常混浊的以至于你看不见太阳，而且风有时大得能够刮动沙丘。【点拨】so.that. 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。so.that和such.that引导的结果状语从句都表示主句的动作或状态达到一定程度而引起的结果。so是副词，用来修饰形容词、副词、分词或其他结构；such 是形容词，用来修饰名词或名词短语。such 修饰单数可数名词且名词前有形容词时，可用so替换s

31、uch，冠词与形容词交换位置，构成“soadj.a(an)名词”。名词前有many，much，few等表示数量的词时，一般用“so.that.”句型。但little意为“小的”时，只能用such。为加强语气，“so(such).that”结构中的so或such位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 He spoke in so low a voice that none of the people in the hall heard what he was saying.他讲话的声音那么小，以至于大厅里的人都没听清他在讲什么。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to t