13应用文写作备考山东新高考英语题型变化解读.docx

1、13应用文写作备考山东新高考英语题型变化解读1.3应用文写作备考2020年山东新高考英语题型变化解读2019年11月30日12月3日，山东省组织了全省统一的新高考模拟考试。这是山东省进入新课改后，首次举行的全省考生参加的大型考试。在这次考试中，题型发生了巨大的变化，据说，这次考试的命题是在教育部考试中心的指导下命制的，这对于2020年高考的变化或透露着某种程度的暗示也未可知。山东省高考英语科目启用了新题型，其中写作分为两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇80词左右的短文。【题型分析】应用文属实用文体，有严格的语境限制，比如确定的时间、地点，确定的对象、范围，确定的行文目的

2、等。因此，应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明，格式正确，语言简练，语气因人因事而异。书信、电子邮件是常见的应用文写作考查题型，主要包括询问信、致歉信、致谢信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等，其次应用文还有：通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、调查报告扥。写作时要注意格式正确，包含称呼语（salutation），正文（body），结束语（complimentary close），签名（signature）。如在2016年10月的试卷中，应用文写作的要求是给未曾谋面的加拿大的住家（homestay）写一封咨询信（Letter of Inquiry）。写作时遣词应尽量客气一些，行文应力求具有亲和力，切忌

3、使用一些艰深的大词，也不宜使用一些结构过于杂糅的长句。3、对学生能力的要求应用文相对于之前高考中的议论文、记叙文，更要求应用性、规范性、简明性。这要求学生对各个文体尤其是邮件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意应用文所要求的语言表达与议论文、记叙文的区别。因此我们会着重培养学生的格式熟悉度以及相关重要句式的表达。假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_ 【思路点拨】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写应聘信。第一步：根据提示可知，学校英语协会招聘志愿

4、者，接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组）。第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【范文】Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer

5、 of our school English association.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job be

6、cause I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua 写好应用文的第一步是准确审题。审题并不仅仅指读题，而是一个思维过程。审题可以从以下几个方面入手：1、判断体裁应用文的种类繁多，按其性质可分为一般性应用文和公务文书。一般性应用文包括书信、便条、请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等；公务文书包括布告、通告、指示、命令、

7、请示等。本试题创设了一个语言情境，让考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加郊游。也就是说，试题要求考生写一封邀请信，这属于一般性应用文中最常见的类型：书信。2、确定格式不同类型的应用文其格式和结构是不同的。本试题的格式是书信，要求写明写信的对象（即称呼）和写信人（即署名），正文前可适当添加问候语，如How are you doing？或Long time no see。等。考生必须熟知书信类应用文的格式，准确写出称呼语、标点、结尾语和署名，以符合英语的写作习惯。3、理清要点邀请信中需要包括三个要点：告知参加者、郊游的时间和地点、活动内容登山和野餐。当然考生可适当增加细节

8、，如组织郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活动、参加郊游的意义等等。在整理要点时，考生应该特别注意以下3点：这是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到国外去游玩的长途旅行。郊游的时间应该具体到某一天，不要笼统地说下周，最好告知几点钟集合出发。既要介绍郊游的地点，又要尽量避免透露考生信息。例如：若考生写到Yandang Mountain表明该考生可能来自温州地区，若考生写到the West Lake表明该考生可能来自杭州地区。那么怎样巧妙地避免这个问题呢？考生可以将地点模糊化，如使用Green Mountain， the Central Park等。4、明确对象写作对象决定了考生该使用

9、的语言和语气、写信人和收信人之间的关系、书信用语的正式度和委婉程度等。本试题中，考生的身份是学生，写作的对象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，两者是平辈的关系，就不适合使用过度的敬辞或谦辞，如 I would appreciate it if you could come。；朋友之间一般会用Hope to see you there。或Hope you can make it。既然是朋友，彼此应该熟知对方的email地址，看到寄信人的地址就应该知道是谁的来信，所以在邮件的开头根本没有必要介绍自己的身份。如有些考生写道：Im Li Hua， your friend。明显就不符合逻辑和常识。5、分析语

10、言应用文作为一种实用性文体，是用来说明事实、解决实际问题的，侧重于以事告人。所以语言要求自然得体、朴实无华、开门见山、清晰流畅。本试题是邀请信，首先要掌握的是常用套语，例如在书信的开头常用：Im writing to invite you to 信件的结尾常用：Looking forward to your early reply。或I really hope you can come。等。其次，邀请信中的书面用语要符合朋友关系的身份设定，切忌使用过度的敬辞或谦辞。时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主。应用文常用句型及习惯表达1. 书信开头I was delighted/glad to rec

11、eive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的来信。Hows it going? 最近怎么样？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我，现在让我给你一些建议。 It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。 How time flies! Its three months since I saw y

12、ou last time. 时间过得真快！我们有三个月没见面了。 Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。 2. 结尾 I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回复。Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you

13、the best. 祝你好运！ With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信，我将不胜感激。 应用文常见文体写作模板1. 感谢信 (Letter of Thanks)写作模板Dear _(对象), I am writing to extend my sincere grat

14、itude for_(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in_(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_(没有对方帮助会产生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who _(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua 2. 道歉信 (Letter of Apol

15、ogy)写作模板1Dear_(对象),I am truly sorry that _(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming写作模板2Dear _(对象),I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that _ (直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定).

16、Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret_ (表达歉意). Please accept my sincere apology_(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). I fear you are displeased at _(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅).I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_(过渡句). Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因). The reason for my delay/absence was that _(阐

17、述自己当时的处境和情况). I had no way out because _ (总结自己道歉的原因). Therefore its not in my power to _(希望下次再次实现愿望). Naturally, I want to suggest _. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you_(约定下次约会的时间和地点)We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely Yours, Li Hua3. 邀请信 (Lett

18、er of Invitation)写作模板Dear_,There will be a_(内容) at/in_(地点) on_(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at_(具体时间). This will be followed by a_(进一步的安排). At _(时间), we will have _(另一个安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_(通知你的最后期限).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua4. 推荐信

19、 (Letter of Recommendation)写作模板Dear _ ,It affords me much pleasure to recommend _(要推荐的人)to you.During his/her graduate years he/she was my _ . As his/her _ I found him/her _. (介绍与此人的关系)His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been and showed great talents in _ . In

20、addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of _, and working with him/her is always pleasant. I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being _.(介绍此人的能力)Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a pos

21、ition in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming5. 建议信 (Letter of suggestion)写作模板Dear_,You have asked me for my advice with

22、 regard to_, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _(建议的内容).I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your_(祝愿).Yours Sincerely,L

23、i Hua6. 申请信 (Letter of Application)写作模板Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(报纸名称) of_(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a _ (工作名称). On one hand, _(第一个原因). On the other hand, _(

24、另一个原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at_(电话号码).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours Sincerely, Li Hua5. 祝贺信 (Letter of Congratulations

25、) 祝贺信模板Dear_,(1)I have learned with delight that you_.(2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _ _.(3)You must be very proud of your _.(4)And I feel very happy for you.(5)_ _ is quite exciting news!(6)You are really_ .(7)I know this is surely owing to_ _ .(8)It is a reward you d

26、eserve for your _ .(9)With your_ _, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(10)Kindly let me know when you_ .(11) I hope .(12)My best wishes for your further success.Sincerely Yours, Li Ming(1)获悉值得祝贺的消息，说出祝贺事由(2)表达祝贺(3)描述对方的心情(4)表达自己的心情(5)被祝贺人所取得的成绩(6)对对方的赞美(7)对方取得成绩的原因(8)对对方

27、取得成绩的肯定，说出被祝贺人的优点(9) 被祝贺人的优秀品质，表达对对方的祝福(10)咨询对方的情况和时间(11)表达愿望(12)表达自己真诚的祝福7.投诉信Dear _, I am _（自我介绍）. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about _. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _（总体介绍）. In the first place, _（抱怨的第一个方面）. In addition, _（抱怨的第二个方面）. Under these circumstances, I find it _（感觉）to_（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. I appreciate it very much if you could _（提出建议和请求）, preferably _（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by _（设定解决事情最后期限）. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.8.演讲稿/发言稿模板 Boys