虚拟语气考点一览.docx

1、虚拟语气考点一览虚拟语气考点一览【14考点】【1】 If I + V-ed, I would .结构If过去式动词，主词过去式助动词（wouldshould 等）原形动词说明这是与现在事实相反的假设句型。if (子句)中的(be)(动词)，不论(主词)为第几人称，一律用 were，were 可置于主词前面，而省略 if。过去式(助动词)除用 should（用于第一人称）、 would（用于第二、三人称）外，还可用不分人称的 could，might 和 ought to，它们与原形结合起来构成(假设语气)。If I knew his address, I could write to him.

2、如果我知道他的住址，我会写信给他。Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足够的钱，我就买一辆赛车了【2】If I had V-ed, I would have .结构Ifhad过去分词，主词wouldshould 等have过去分词说明这是与过去事实相反的假设。if 要用，则要用过去式（would，should，ought to，might，could）have过去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If。If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我当时看见他，我

3、会告诉他实情。Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?我要是当年向你求婚，你会答应嫁给我吗?【3】If I had V-ed, I would have .结构Ifhad过去分词，主词wouldshould 等have过去分词说明这是与过去事实相反的假设。if 要用，则要用过去式（would，should，ought to，might，could）have过去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If。If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我当时看见他，我会告诉他实

4、情。I could have finished the task if I had had more time.如果当时我能有多一点时间，我就能完成这项任务。【4】If I had V-ed, I would .结构Ifhad过去分词，主词wouldshould 等原形动词nowtoday说明这是不一致时的假设，亦称混合假设条件句。即：if 若与过去事实相反，用表示；而若与现在事实相反，则用过去式表示。此类句尾通常有表现在的，如 now，today 等。If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.如果他年轻时多努力一

5、点，现在就能过得舒服些。If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.如果十年前我有钱，今天我就能买下那栋房子了。【5】虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句表示与现在或过去的事实相反、或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常省略that。从句中虚拟语气的表现形式为：主语 + wish (that) +（从句）主语 + 1. 动词过去式表达现在的愿望 2. 动词过去完成式表达过去的愿望 3. 过去式助动词 + 原形动词表示未来的愿望 -I wish I were twenty years younger.-She wishes t

6、hat she knew his address. -I wish she had taken your advice.-He wishes the rain would stop soon.【6】If I should ., I would.结构Ifshould，wouldshould等原形动词说明这是表示与未来事实相反的假设，if 要用 should，译成“万一”。should可置于前，将 if 省略。的则视可能性做变化：若可能性低，则为过去式，若可能性高，则为现在式。should 可以提前，而将 if 省略。If he should come, I would tell him the

7、truth. 万一他来，我会把真相告诉他。Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 要是那男孩在来，我就把他撵出去。【7】If I were to ., I .结构Ifwere to，wouldshould 等原形动词说明这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设，与“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“与真理相反”的(假设语气)。If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.要是太阳从西边出来，他就会通过考

8、试他不可能通过考试。【8】If it were not for .结构if it were not for名词子句，主词wouldshould 等原形动词说明此句型意为“若非（有）”。此类句构专门用于表示与现在事实相反的。亦可用“but for”或“without”代替。were 可以提前，省略 ifBut for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我会失败的。But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音乐，人生会很无聊。【9】If it had not be

9、en for .结构if it had not been for名词子句，主词wouldshould 等原形动词说明此句型意为“若非（有）”。此类句构专门用于表示与过去事实相反的。If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果没有他的帮忙，我应该已经失败。Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains.要不是这位好心的向导，我可能就在山中迷路了。【10】I demand/insist that .结构主词1意志动词（deman

10、dinsist 等）（that）主词2（should）原形动词说明意志有四类：建议（suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），规定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接 that-时，该里的要用原形或“should”。美式英语通常省略 should。The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委员提议休

11、会。His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十点以前回家。The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 员工们要求加薪。【11】It is proper . that .该句型表示“当然、应该、必要、适当”之意结构It is意志形容词（important 等）（that）主词（should）原形动词说明意志包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，reco

12、mmendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.他有必要整理些资料供我参考。It is important that he be quiet. 他该保持安静是有必要的。【12】If only + V-ed结构If only过去式过去完成式说明此句型意为“要是就好了。”用过去式，表示与现在事实相反；若用，则表示与过去事实相反。If only I had a rich fath

13、er. 要是我有个有钱的爸爸就好了。If only he had been here. 要是他当时在这儿就好了。【13】虚拟语气在it is time that句型中的应用该句型表示早该做而未做的事情。其表达形式为：It is time + (that)+（从句）主语 + were或过去式动词 It is about time 、 It is high time -I think its time (that) they stopped this practice.-It is high time (that) you went to bed.【14】虚拟语气用在would rather (s

14、ooner), would (just) as soon, had rather后的that从句中该句型表示希望或婉转的责备。从句中的谓语虚拟形式为：主语+ would (had) rather, would (just) as soon, would sooner + (that) +从句主语 + 动词过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反 / 动词过去完成式表示与过去事实相反 -I would rather they came tomorrow.-I could go myself but I would sooner you went.（我自己也能去，但我宁愿你去。）绝对答案词汇400（单选、完

15、型）A-开头的答案词汇（39个）1. arouse / arise 2. adjust / adopt /adapt 3. account for 4. have access to 5. have insight into 6. be absorbed in 7. be accused of/ be charged with 8. acquire knowledge /skill 9. take action/action speaks louder than words 10. be adequate for 11. take advantage of 12. advisable=sens

16、ible 13. take effect / have effect on 14. afford time/ money, offer help 15. feel lonely when I am alone 16. be amazed at / be amused at 17. alter (attitude, price, dress style) 18. be anxious for / be eager to 19. appeal to 20. appear / show up / turn up / vanish 21. apply for/ apply to / apply one

17、self to 22. appreciate sth / appreciate sb 23. appoint / assign 24. approve of 25. arrange for 26. artificial flower/ limb 27. at the mercy of 28. in this aspect 29. aside from/apart from 30. assemble 31. associate with 32. assure sb 33. attach importance to 34. attempt to do 35. attend to 36. touri

18、st attraction 37. attitude to/toward 38. attribute to 39. available 40. avoid doing 41. he is awake / wake up 42. be aware of 43. awkward /clumsy 中译英必备句型60（1-13）1、老实说。/ 不用说。/更不用说。/更糟糕的是。1) To tell the truth,I dont agree to your plan. 2) Needless to say, I will support your proposal. 3) He cannot spe

19、ak English, to say nothing of French. 4) He is stupid. To make matter worse, he refuses to work hard.2、与有关/与颇有关系/与几乎无关/于无关1) This weather has nothing to do with your illness. 2) Ones future has much to do with ones effort. 3) This business has something to do with the general manager. 4) His success

20、 has little with the good luck. 3、过去做某事 used to do4、梦想做 dream of doing sth5、总是做某事 keep doing sth6、倘若让我来做 if it were left to me to do7、要不是If it had not been for his help, I would have found myself in trouble. But for / without his help, 8、显然/显而易见 it is obvious/apparent that9、很可能 it is most likely tha

21、t 10、当谈论到when it comes to/speaking of 11、有证据表明 there is evidence that12、看，听，感觉（see, notice, hear, feel【1】关于when的一个特殊用法，用来表示突然发生的事情，具有“正当的时候，突然”的意思。I was walking home when it began to rain. I was about to go to sleep when there was a knock on the window. 【2】Before的两个句型1）not long + before=不久就2）时间/次数+b

22、efore=（之后）才It wasnt long before he told us everything.他不久就把事情都告诉了我们。We hadnt waited long before he came. 我们没等多久他就来了。It would be months before he was fit for work. 他几个月后才能上班。I knocked three times before she opened the door. 我敲了三次门她才把门打开。【3】The moment, the instant, the second, immediately, directly 这些

23、词语有时可以引出一个时间状语，它们的意思和as soon as 差不多。I recognized you the moment I saw you。I left immediately the clock struck twelve。【4】当我们谈论当前正在进行，而以后某一时间将停止的事情或情况时，用until 或till（直到时为止。Till 多用于口语，在句首时要用until。Please wait until /till I come。People dont know the value of health until they lose it。Until I see Tom I can

24、t say definitely。Not until 经常连在一起用，它只可以放在句首，或用于强调句型。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room. 【5】Hardly /scarcelywhen * no soonerthan 这两个句型的意思一样。注意：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如果将其中的否定词用于句首，主语和动词要倒装。I had hardly / scarc

25、ely sat down when he stepped in. Hardly / scarcely had I sat down when he stepped in. We had no sooner set out than a storm broke. No sooner had we set out than a storm broke.【6】In that 有限定的意味，意味着由于某一方面的原因=for the reason that理论之所以有价值，在于他能给实践指出方向。Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction

26、for practice. 【7】So+形容词或副词+that 引导的状语从句表示结果，有时候我们可以把so 连同形容词或副词移到句首，这是它后面的主语和动词要倒装。The coffee is so hot that I can not drink it. The walked so fast that I could not keep up with them. So tired was I that I could hardly keep my eyes open. 【8】Such+不定冠词+名次+that引导的状语从句表示结果。He was in such a hurry that he

27、 forgot his hat. It was such a foggy day that we could hardly see the road. 【9】For fear that/ lest 都有“唯恐”，“免得”等意思，从句中的动词常常和should连用。He is working hard for fear that he should fail. Shut the window for fear that it should rain. Be quiet lest you should wake the baby. 【10】Unless 常用于否定句中，意思是ifnot （除非否则

28、就不）I wont write unless he writes first.=if he doesnt write firstYou will fail unless you work hard. =if you dont work hard. 【11】Provided/ providing, as/ so long as/ on condition that 含义大体上一样，表示：倘若，只要I will lend you the money, providing you pay it back in two weeks. You can go out as long as you prom

29、ise to be back before 10 oclock. 【12】in case（以防）可以在谈论预防措施时用，它之后可跟should，表示事情发生的可能性较小。Youd better take warm clothes in case it gets cold. Keep the window closed in case it rains / should rain. In case of In the case of 还可以表示“万一”偶然情况。In case I forget, please remind me of it. In case you need any money

30、 I can lend you some. 【13】Even though/ even if 含义相同，语气比though/ although 更强，常翻译成“即使”，“纵使”Even though it was cold, I went swimming. Even if it rains, the party will be held outside. I couldnt be angry with him even if I tried. Even so He is an honest man. _, I dont trust him. A. Even thoughB. Even so【14】带ever的疑问词引导的状语从句带有让步的含义，这种让步表示一种推论。被这些疑问词所修饰的词语应接在这些词之后。However loudly you shout, you wont be heard. However cold it is, she always goe