完整版胡壮麟《语言学教程》分章试题.docx

1、完整版胡壮麟语言学教程分章试题胡壮麟语言学教程分章测试题一胡壮麟语言学教程分章测试题Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. tree B. type

2、writer C. crash D. bang3. The function of the sentence “ Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade. . ” isA. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative4.In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say “碎碎（岁岁）安全 ” as a means of controlling

3、the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language usersto overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of lang

4、uage, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions oflanguage? A nice day, isn t it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. E

5、motive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal7. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user knowledge of the rulessof his language in utterances.A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole8.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that ex

6、ists hear and now. It couldn t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of_.A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality9. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. Psycholinguistics B.Anthropological lin

7、guisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Language

8、 is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12.Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13.Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.Language is written because writing is the prima

9、ry medium for all languages.15.We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16.Only human beings are able to communicate.17.F. de Saussure,who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th cent

10、ury, was a French linguist.18.A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare times is an example of the1胡壮麟语言学教程分章测试题一diachronic study of language.19.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20.All the languages in the world today have both spoken and wri

11、tten forms.III.Fill in the blanks. (10%)21.Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ communication.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined intoinnumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23.Language has many functio

12、ns. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is_.24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory.25.Linguistics is the _ study of language.26.Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover w

13、hat language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27.One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.28.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29.Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract lin

14、guistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure s langue and Chomsky s _IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Design feature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchronic linguisticsV.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.Why

15、 do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?（南开大学， 2004）36.Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学， 2004）VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.How can a linguist make his a

16、nalysis scientific? （青岛大海大学， 1999） Key: Chapter 1In the reference keys, I won t give examples or further analysis. That seems too much work for me. Therefore, this key is only for reference. In order to answer this kind of question, you need moreexamples. So you should read the textbook carefully.ic

17、ywarmteaI. 15 BACCC 610 BACAC II. 1115 FFTFF 1620 FFFFFIII. 21. verbal 22. productivity / creativity 23. metalingual function 24. yo-he-ho25. scientific 26. descriptive 27. speech 28. diachronic linguistic 29. langue 30. competenceIV. 31. Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human

18、 language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.32.Displacement: It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.33. Competence: It is

19、 an essential part of performance. It is the speaker s knowle her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in away, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally2胡壮麟语言学教程分章测试题一unconscious. A transformat

20、ional-generative grammar is a model of competence.34.Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic

21、linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.V.35. Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can beformed out of a small number of elements for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, ar

22、ound 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.If la

23、nguage has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.36.It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers t

24、oo many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations.VI. 37. It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency,economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis collect data

25、 check against the observable factscome to a conclusion.Chapter 2 Speech SoundsI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice2.Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. ph

26、onemeD. morpheme3.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones4.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula5.The diphthongs that are made with a movement

27、of the tongue towards the center are known as_ diphthongs.A. wideB. closing C. narrowD. centering6.A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones7.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articula

28、tory phoneticsC. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above8.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. nB. mC. b D. p9.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i:B. u C. eD. i 10 What kind of sounds can we make when the v

29、ocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Suprasegmentalphonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger3胡壮麟语言学教程分章测试题一than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and se

30、ntence.12.The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound.13.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different

31、word, but merely a different pronunciation.14.p is a voiced bilabial stop.15.Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.16.All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17.When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18.According to the length or tensen