英语必修5资料.docx

1、英语必修5资料2009-2010 学年度 第一学期第三周必修 5 词汇1solve vt.解决, 解答solve a riddle 解答一个谜语solve (=settle) a problem 解决一个问题2account n.报导； （书面或口头）报告；账目an exciting account of the match 对这次比赛激动人心的报导These accounts show no consistency. 这些报道前后不一。The accounts show we have spent more than we received. 账目表明我们支出多于收入。on account

2、of 因为；由于account for解释；说明She could not account for her mistake.她无法解释其错误。I cant account for Peters un- happiness.我说不出彼得不高兴的原因。3lie vi.躺, 平放, 展现, 展开, 位于（lay, lain, lying）/ v. 说谎 （lied, lied,lying） n.谎话, 谎言He was lying in the shade of the tree.他正躺在树荫下。She lay down on her bed.她躺在床上。The plates lay on the

3、table.盘子在桌上。Im sorry I lied to you.我很抱歉向你撒了谎。4panic n.惊慌, 恐慌 vt.（常与into连用）使恐慌；使惊慌feel panic 感到惊慌When the theater caught fire, there was a panic. 剧院失火时，引起一阵恐慌。The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 枪炮声使群众惊慌失措。The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 银行惊恐地抛售美元。5disturb v.弄乱, 打乱, 打扰, 扰乱A lig

4、ht wind disturbed the surface of the pond. 微风使池塘水面泛起涟漪。Please dont disturb me while Im working. 当我工作时，请不要打扰我。Im sorry to disturb you with this question. 对不起,打扰你了,我有个问题请教。近义词interrupt v. 中断; 插嘴Dont interrupt me.别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。It is rude to interrup

5、t. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。6review vt./ n. 回顾, 复习(= go over), 评论to review the situation 回顾形势a careful review of political events 谨慎地回顾政治事件under review 在检查中7resemble vt. 象, 类似She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。resemblance n. 类同之处8warn v. 常与of, against连用/ 或用于war

6、n sb. (not) to do sth. 的结构中，表示：警告, 注意, 通知She warned me about the dangerous road, so I crossed it carefully.她提醒我这条马路很危险，因此我过马路小心翼翼。The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail. 汽笛通知旅客船即将启航。warning n. 警告, 预告, 通知, 预兆 warning alarm 警报, 告警warning sign 警报信号, 警告, 警告标志9determined adj. 坚决的, 决定

7、了的 （常见结构：be determined to do sth.）determine v. 决定, 确定 determine on sth. v.决定determination n. 决心, 果断10force n. 力量, 武力, 暴力, 复军队, 影响力 vt.强制, 促使 (force sb. to do sth.)You must use force to open that bottle.你必须用力打开那个瓶子。The porter had to force the window open every morning.每天早晨门房只好用力硬把窗户打开。the force of gr

8、avity 地心引力The enemy was forced to drop arms. 敌人被迫放下武器。to force the window open 用力推开窗11establish v. 建立；证实The company was established in 1860. 这家公司创办于一八六零年。Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country.巴西利亚很快被人们承认为国家首都。It has long been established that many human serious diseas

9、es are carried byinsects. 早就证明人类的许多严重疾病都是昆虫传播的。12pour v. 灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, 流, 倾盆大雨Sweat poured down from her face. 汗珠不断从她脸上流下。At 5 oclock workers poured out of the factories.五点时工人们从工厂蜂拥而出。-（常与in, out连用）（人）蜂拥而来；涌出It was pouring. 下倾盆大雨。阅读1Suddenly, by the light of the lightening, we saw something in the mid

10、dleof the river. 突然间，借助闪电的光亮，我们看到河中间有东西。句子中的by意思是“借助”。Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of tractors.by 还有其他一些意思和用法:1）close to; next to (接近，靠近)2）with the use or help of; through(借助于；通过)We came by the back road.3）not later than （不迟于）by 5:30 p.m. 不迟于下午5:304）to the extent of (达到程度)shor

11、ten by two inches 短了两英寸2To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins.使我们大吃一惊的是，有间船舱里还亮着一盏灯。to ones astonishment/joy/surprise/disappointment令某人大吃一惊的、高兴、惊讶、失望的是To our joy, our basketball team won the match.使我们高兴的是，我们的篮球队获得了比赛的胜利。3He sounds as if he is going to die of fright. 听上去他好像要被吓死了

12、。die of fright 吓死die of “因而死” 原因多来自内部，情感，冻饿， 生病等，后常加这样的名词：die of cold ( poison/illness / old age / a disease / boredom / thirst / sorrow /disappointed love / a fever / heat) 死于寒冷 (中毒, 病, 年老, 疾病, 无聊, 渴, 忧伤, 失恋, 热 )die from “因而死” 原因多来自外部，后跟die from a wound (lack of food / an accident / overwork / care

13、lessness /drinking / some unknown cause ) 死于受伤（缺乏食物， 事故，工作过量，粗心，饮酒过量, 不明原因）4It was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up withrope. 四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人躺在地板上，被绳子捆着。1）句中的lying on the floor 为现在分词，作宾语补足语.句中的tied up with rope为过去分词，可以理解成作定语.-ing形式与-ed形式是本模块的语法项目，现在分词作宾补时, 常用在see, hear, n

14、otice,watch, keep, find, get, have等感官和使役动词所带的宾语之后， 与作宾语的名词或代词构成逻辑关系。I found him telling a lie. 我发现他在撒谎。He kept the girl waiting for a long time. 他让女孩等了很长时间。过去分词作定语时， 相当于一个定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.=Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous

15、 scientists.The house , built last year, was destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.=The house, which was built last year, was destroyed by the earthquakeyesterday.2）tie up “绑好，缚牢；包扎，停泊”We tied the boat up alongside the quay. 我们把船停泊在码头处。5Ive had enough of you. Im going to shoot you now.我受够你了。 我现在就要枪毙

16、了你。have enough of “(对某人或某事)感到厌烦”Ive had enough of her continual chatter. 我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈。Im surprised you havent had enough of him. 你对他还没有受够，我很惊讶。6Jim looked terrified. Jim 看起来很害怕。It looked like a house at first. 它一开始看起来像座房子。He sounds as if he is going to die of fright. 听上去他好像要被吓死了。以上三个句子都涉及了系动词的用法：系动

17、词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有：1）状态系动词；用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain,stay, lie,stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一

18、个谜。3）表像系动词；用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词；感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词；这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow,turn, fall, ge

19、t, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词；表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）系动词所接的常见的成分有：adj./ adv./ n./ 介词短语/ to do / doing (多为形容词含义)/

20、done（多为形容词含义） / 表语从句。7Cultural corner 中的几个句子-1：Mark Twain, who wrote The adventures of Huckleberry Finn and TheAdventures of Tom Sawyer, was no exception. 曾撰写过哈克贝利-芬历险记和汤姆索亚历险记的马克吐温也不例外。exception n.除外, 例外, 反对 be no exception 不例外，也如此8Cultural corner 中的几个句子-2：He left school early, and as an adolescent

21、, determined to make his fortunein South America, set off from his home in Hannibal, Missouri for NewOrleans.他很早就离开了学校，当时他仅十几岁，一心想要去南美发大财，于是离开了在密西西比汉尼拔的家乡来到了新奥尔良。1）本句中两个并列的动词是left 和 set off, 而determined 后的结构是表示主语he的状态，相当于：he was determined to make his fortune in South America。He left his hometown wh

22、en he was young, _ (determine) never tocome back. (determined)2) make ones fortune 碰运气，挣钱 3）set off 出发9Cultural corner 中的几个句子-3：He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find thatthere were no boats for South America. 他到达新奥尔良的时候已经身无分文，而结果却发现根本没有去南美的船。only to find 是一种不定式结构作状语，表示

23、结果的用法，only 一词表达了“无奈、出乎预料”的语气，又如：He arrived the hospital in a hurry, only to be told the lady had died.【语法】动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词（一）不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成。（二）动名词动名词由动词十 ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句

24、中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。（三）分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。分词在句子中常作的成分是：状语、补语、定语和表语。我们本模块先研究十道例题：1The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., didt include women players until1919.A. first playing B. to be first play

25、edC. first played D. to be first playing解释：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。2European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make解释：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A

26、. making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。3Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking解释：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。4John was made _ the truck for a

27、 week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing解释：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。5The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating解释：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。6- I usually g

28、o there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going解释：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。7_ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not

29、having received D. Having not received解释：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。8Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented解释：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时consi

30、der后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do, to have done, to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。9Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited解释：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(who

31、 wereinvited)才是正确答案。10The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied解释：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句：He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。非谓语动词专练1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.A. to repair bicyclesB. bicycles to be repaired