状语从句及提高训练.docx

1、状语从句及提高训练 状语从句及提高训练状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。一、 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, notuntil, before, after,since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。1 When , while, as都可解释为“当的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1) When Eg: When I arrived home , I ha

2、d a little rest.注意点： when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。 Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.2) AsAs 除了表示“当的时候”，还可表示为“一面一面”，“随着” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面一面) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)3) While表示“当的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词

3、。Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.注意点： while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.2until, notuntil表示“直到才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：I waited until midnight.否定句：I did not leave until midnig

4、ht.注意点： 1）not until在句首，主句用倒装eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.2) It is not untilthat引导的强调句It was not until it was dark that he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一就”eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.注意点： the minute, the mom

5、ent, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。4Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, as soon as表示为“一就”eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意点：Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan位于句首，主句用倒装eg

6、: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.二 条件状语从句条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, even if/though, unless/ if not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般

7、现在时。1. unless 和ifnotunless 相当于ifnoteg: You will fail unless you study hard.You will not fail if you study hard.注意点： 在虚拟条件句中可用ifnot，但不能用unlesseg: If she were not too silly,she would understand.2 引导条件状语从句的其它连词：Eg: You may go there ,as long as you keep quite.Eg: I shall give you the book on condition t

8、hat you return it tomorrow.Eg: I will go provided that you go too.三 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等。1 though, although不可与but连用，但可以和yet , still连用.Eg: Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside.注意点： 1） thou

9、gh可引导倒装(although不引导倒装)，结构为：强调对象+as/though+主语+其它成分，强调对象可为表语（名词、形容词）或状语（副词），表语为名词时，前面不用冠词。 Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.2） despite 和 in spite of 也有让步意义，后接名词或动词，而though, although是连词，后 接从句。Eg: Despite /In spite of wanting to see

10、 him again, she refused to reply to his letter.Though/although she wanted to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.2. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”eg: No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.注意点：no matter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句3. even if/ though表示“即使”eg: He d

11、oesnt want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much.四 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等1becausebecause语气最强，通常用于回答why 提出的问题注意点： 在it wasthat的强调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as, for引导。Eg: I

12、t is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.2. since和assince的语气比because 弱，比as强，表示间接的，已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.3for当for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。Eg: It must have rained last night, for the g

13、round is wet now.五 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。Eg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注意点：lest, in case, for fe

14、ar that所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。 Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.六 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, sothat, suchthat等eg: He is so young that he can not go to school.He is such a young boy that he can not

15、go to school.1常用句型：so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such +形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句2 so和such的搭配规律such修饰名词或名词词组，so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much, little等。 Eg: so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/few flowers such nice flowersso much/little

16、money such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people七 比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：asas, than, not soas, the morethe more等如： He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)I cant jump so /as high as he (does)There are more workers in this factory than in the one next to it .The more you read, the

17、more interesting , you will find the novel is .连接词than 可作为关系代词用。 如： He wrote more than was necessaryDont carry more money than is needed八地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有:where, wherever以及 where构成的复合词等eg: She found her calculator where she lost it.Wherever I am, I will miss you.注意点： eg: I happened to see your dict

18、ionary lie where I used it last time.（地点状语从句）I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定语从句）九 方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连接词有as, just as, as if / though（一般用虚拟语气， 也有用直陈语气的）等。EG：Just do as you are told.The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.He talked to the girl a

19、s though he had fallen in love with her.在just as -, so - 结构中， as 带有比喻含义。 意为“正如”， 多用于正式文体。 EG：Just as some people like sports, so some people like music.the way 也可引导方式状语从句 。EG：you should operate the machine the way I do .典型陷阱题分析1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you cant go ou

20、t _ your work is being done.” A. before B. until C. as D. the moment【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查 notuntil结构。【分析】最佳答案选 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。2. “Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As B. While C. Because D. If【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】最佳答案选 B。尽管 as 和 whil

21、e 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的 as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果 as 不是表示“当的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如： I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)请做以下两题，答案均选 while，不选as： (1) _ you are at home alone, please dont leave the door open. A. While B. As C. Before D. How

22、(2) _ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.A. While B. As C. After D. How3. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. when C. which D. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 where)：(1) The famous scie

23、ntist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever(2) She found her calculator _ she lost it.A. where B. while C. in which D. that(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where C. then D. which(4) When you re

24、ad the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where(5) You should let your children play _ you can see them.A. where B. when C. in which D. that(6) Now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.A. where B. when C. in which D. that

25、4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _ stood the famous tower.A. that B. at which C. when D. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。5. They

26、kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. if B. because C. when D. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 在此的意思不是“当的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如： He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。The boy was rest

27、less when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?A. that B. where C. which D. when6. He was about to tell me the

28、secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. as B. until C. when D. while【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的 when 可以连用副词 suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用 suddenly 来代替 when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：(1) I was about to go out _ the telephone rang.A. when B. suddenly C.

29、 as soon as D. directly(2) We were swimming in the lake _ the storm started.A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before(3) She was walking down the road _ she heard someone shouting for help.A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before7. The fire went on for quite some time _ it was brought under control.A. wh

30、en B. since C. after D. before【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。before 意为“在之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选 before：(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A. until B. when C. before D. as(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could

31、 answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _ she is completely well.A. that B. since C. when D. before(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _ they spoke.A. after B. before C. since D. when8. Mother asked me to take more money _ something unexpected should happen.A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when【陷阱】几