翻译理论与实践课后习题答案.docx

1、翻译理论与实践课后习题答案第一章 翻译概论 第一节 中外翻译史简介 四、课内练习 1. 东汉至唐宋时期。 2. 玄奘不仅译出了 75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外 介绍汉语著作的中国人。 3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文 言正宗转为白话本位。五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作 品开始被介绍进来， 共产党宣言等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期， 为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。 4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。 5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份

2、宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人 的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平， 为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及 一些本地人，见证了威尔帕 莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔 莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次 机动飞机飞行。 1903 年 12 月 17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。 1932 年， 90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座 60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑， 用以纪念这两个来自 俄亥

3、俄州代顿市的梦想家。 莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。虽然在当时世纪之 交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。当莱特兄弟 在 1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了（二） 将下列段落译成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Pinger had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking

4、party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyuns turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying， holding a duck head in hand， “This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand） is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around， as

5、 both are homophones in Chinese） ， for this ya tou has applied no hair oil.” Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested， laughing， “You made fun of us， so you have to drink another cup. Lets pour a full cup her.” As the party went on drinkers games continued with ceaseless laughter

6、 and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing， “ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. Shes sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping sou

7、ndly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was s

8、till mumbling something drunkenly-get inside the room.第二节 翻译的定义与性质 四、课内练习 （一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。后来，她采取了一个不幸者常常采取的那种 快刀斩乱麻的行动：嫁给了亚当，从而陷进了终身的痛苦，为的不过是跳出那一时的悲伤。 2. 一个人不要做了一件好事就到处宣扬，而应带动他人，就像葡萄的藤蔓，开花结果， 年复一年。 3. 一想起她一个人出去重新登上找工作的艰辛旅途，他顿觉万念俱灰。 4. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊 通红，两眼闪光。 5.

9、 天空阴沉沉的，乌云密布，不久就能感觉到豆大的雨点稀稀疏疏地落下，转瞬间变 成倾盆大雨，骤然而下。(杨晓萍译）（二）将下列中文译成英文：1. An excellent, all-round student with a congenial personality, she is a promising candidate for the exchange program. 2. How to make further use of scientific resources in college to better serve our economy is a key element in th

10、e reform of institutions of higher education. 3. The surface of the pool quivered as the swallow skimmed over it. 4. The man seemed quite at ease, but his rolling eyes gave him away/ betray him. 5. Ignorant as I am, I know not to promote a person for what he says not to undervalue what is said becau

11、se of the person who says it.五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文：随着专业化程度的提高， 各门知识的边界正在以前所未有的速度往里收缩。 但这种收缩 是付出了相当大的代价才做到的。 现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子强 多少，正像一个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一样，都是现代才有的怪现象。 同样地， 专业化也间接地影响到了各行各业中的普通人。 以前仅仅是由于对它们本身感兴趣 而去从事的许多活动，现在常常因感到没有希望而被放弃了。专家们说，从事这些活动所需 要的技巧得付出毕生的精力才能掌握。 当你能在客厅里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏 时

12、，你干吗还要学钢琴呢？（二） 将下列段落译成英文：“Dwell on One or Two” Lin Qingxuan A friend of mind brought over a newly purchased set of paper, brush, ink-stick and ink-slab, and asked me to write something for the wall in the sitting room of his new house. I unfolded thepaper, ground the ink-stick on the slab, and wrote

13、 out the words: “Dwell on one or two.” “What does this mean?” asked my friend. “You know the popular saying.” I replied, “Life means frustration eight or nine times out of ten.” Dedicating the eighty or ninety per cent of frustration, you still have ten or twenty per cent of success, happiness or gr

14、atification. If you want to enjoy life, you should focus on the one or two times you are happy, be thankful and cherish them. Then youll never be overwhelmed by the eight or nine times when you are unhappy.” Happily my friend left, carrying the scroll in his arms. (中国翻译编辑部： “韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛作品与评析：英汉对照)第三

15、节 翻译的标准与译者的素养 四、课内练习 （一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 也许只有传统才能真正反映出人的性格和精神。 旅行的目的， 除了四处游览观光之 外，更重要的就是去了解彼此的风俗和文化。 2. 如今作为世界文化遗产， 巨石阵及其周围建筑依旧是 5000 到 3000 年前石器时代和 青铜时代伟大文明的有力见证者。 3. 澳洲大陆跨越许多种不同的气候带，有北部的热带、亚热带和稀树草原，由中部干 旱不毛的沙漠，还有南部的温带。 4. 在南达克塔州海拔 6000 英尺的黑山顶上耸立着华盛顿、林肯、杰斐逊和罗斯福思 维美国总统栩栩如生的塑像。 5. 迪斯尼乐园的成功有许多原因， 但是归根结底要归

16、功于一个人， 这个人发明了卡通 画，白手起家，创建了这家公司。（二）将下列中文译成英文：1. Tourism has already become one of the worlds most important industries, with high growth rate and net profits. 2. Chinas tourism industry has grown in tandem with the economic explosion over the last two decades. 3. As the Chinese tourism market expands

17、 at a high speed, a good environment is being created to further drive its development. 4. With the acceleration of urbanization, mans desire to return to nature grows with each passing day. 5. In those areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, you can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery but also learn

18、 about the local customs and traditional cultures.五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文：Tourism, a fast developing economic sector over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese publicMany people have written to the press making suggestions for the promoti

19、on of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate ex-changes in the field of culture, science andtechnology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for Chinas g

20、reat cause. Furthermore, the experience of other countries shows that tourism directly and indirectly helps promote the growth of，economic sectors such as communications, commerce, service trades, light industry, arts and crafts industry and urban construction.（二） 将下列段落译成英文但是要说生命的色彩在海德公园的假山假水之中十分悦目，

21、 那么在一片真正的海滨才显 得灿烂庄严。只要在海滨领略过一回，就足以成为调色大师。啊，多么难忘的天然图画！夕 阳渐渐西坠，晚霞变得斑斓多彩，不是坠落在大海，而是坠落在大地。大海呈现出幽暗而又 十分森冷的湛蓝色，不过毫无寒意幽暗而不带几分乳白。天空也是低沉的。一景一物历 历可数，没有神秘气息，显得分外素朴。最晶莹透明的是水沫闪闪发白的边沿，它总是白色 的，原来在晚霞中染上了一抹金黄一抹品红。水沫依然是想象得出的最洁白的了。其次，那 孩子也是晶莹透明的，同样披上了一身晚霞和生命的色彩。(杨自伍译)第四节 翻译的过程与方法 四、课内练习 （一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把

22、她撵了出去。 2. 他模样奇特，见了令人发笑；奇怪的是他并非毫无尊严可言。 3. 时间的流逝是没界限的，上月接下月，新年接旧年。你听不到惊雷，也看不到焰火， 新的岁月已悄然来临。 4. 由于缺乏忠实可靠的强有力的领导人，政治变成了玩政治的人物的行当，这些二流 人物第一次大规模地将美国的许多城市和许多州经管得一塌糊涂， 在某种程度上甚至殃及联 邦政府。 5.商贾和律师走出了街市的喧嚣和欺诈，见到了蓝天、绿树，于是又恢复了人的本性。（二）将下列中文译成英文：1. It happened during the winter of 1091. A bitter north wind was blowi

23、ng but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early. 2. The American society places emphasis on college education, which they believe will eventually lead to fruitful careers. 3. Three young people who have taken wrong steps in their life now shed their repenting tears. 4. Any person who fails to

24、 master something new will be left behind the time. 5. A gentleman is always ready to help others attain their arms.五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文：现代科学之缔造者，率有两大美德，一为观察事物，具有极大耐心；二曰提出假设， 又极为大胆。然学者之中，有其一未必有其二。初期希腊哲学家，以大胆假设见长。稍后 之古代天文家，多以耐心观察著称。古代哲人中，两美兼具者殆无一人，唯一例外，或是 亚里斯太克斯。至于中古世纪，有一人有一美者竟不可得。哥白尼及继哥白尼之研究者， 则集两种美德

25、于一身。哥白尼用当时已发明之仪器，仰视天体运行，凡人目能察者，无不察及。哥白尼地球一昼夜自转之说，此一假设，比之全宇天体旋转之说，具有一语道破的 优点。 （许国璋译，选自连淑能，连淑能. 英汉翻译教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 2006： 161-162）（二） 将下列段落译成英文：Yet, we all know that supply of provisions and clothing is only one aspect of life; mans demand on life is many-sided. Higher the civilization, higher is man

26、s psychological aspiration. This is especially true of old folks. Like young people, they have the need of cultural life, the need of recreation and amusement, the need of dignity and the need of accomplishment. Besides, having traversed greater part of their lives and unwilling to leave behind too

27、many regrets, they want to, in their remaining years, make their lives easier and more substantial. During my stay in Vienna, I found that all the elderly people I met with seemed to enjoy their lives enormously. Contagiously, I couldnt help admiring them for their positive attitude toward life, esp

28、ecially their optimism. Because of the language barrier I could not go deep into our conversation. So, all I could do is record what I saw then and there in sketch forms. （李金达译）第五节 翻译单位 四、课内练习 （一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 当我切开病人的腹部或胸部时，我不再感到忐忑不安。 2. 水手们笑着，欢呼着，团团围住了这两个人。 3. 他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长，虽受岁月折磨 而显

29、得憔悴，但风韵犹存。 4. 如果有人想象自己可以不要别人独自生活，那他是自欺欺人，然而，如果有人幻想 别人离了他不行，那就大错特错了。 5. 男女同校的学校就是向孩子们提供了一个真实社会的缩影。（二）将下列中文译成英文：1. For all her privilege and wealth, life had not been easy and the experiences of childhood sufferings had left a deep mark on her life. 2. All these conflicts should be solved through nego

30、tiations. Sanctions or threat with sanctions will do nobody good and run contrary to the trend of the times. 3. Apart from tears，only time could wear everything away. While feeling is being processed by time, conflicts would be reconciled as time goes by，just like a cup of tea that is being continuo

31、usly diluted. 4. Be sure that you have never had any regrets in your life which only lasts for a few decades. Laugh or cry as you like, and its meaningless to oppress yourself. 5. His friends can never count upon how he is going to act under given conditions, as he is always full of surprise.五、课后练习

32、（一）将下列段落译成中文：我还记得那天，爸爸豁出瘦小的身躯，第一次把那沉甸甸的手风琴拖上我们家的门廊。他把妈妈和我召到客厅，打开箱子，好像那是个百宝箱似的。 “给， ”他说： “你一学会拉它， 它就跟你终身做伴。 ” 我淡淡一笑，满不像他那么喜笑颜开，可那是因为我一直巴望着有一把吉他，或一架钢 琴。当时是 1960 年，我迷上了在调幅广播里收听德尔珊农和查比切克的音乐。手风琴 在我的流行曲目里根本排不上号。 看着那白晃晃的琴键和奶油色的风箱， 我都可以听到伙伴 们嘲弄这玩意儿的声音。 后来的两个礼拜，手风琴一直搁在门厅的壁橱里。有天晚上，爸爸宣布，下周起我开始 上手风琴课。狐疑中我向母亲递眼色，求她帮忙。可她紧闭着嘴，就是说我这次倒了霉了。 花 300 元买架手风琴，每上一课还得交 5 元，这可不合我父亲的性格。他向来都很讲究 实际这是他自小时在宾夕法尼亚州的农场学来的。当时穿的、取暖的、有时候连吃的都 很少。 我出生前，父母搬进了新泽西州泽西城外公外婆家二层楼的房子。我就是在那儿的楼上 长大的，外公他们住楼下。爸爸每天去长岛上班来回要坐 3 个小时的车。他在那儿的一家飞 机发动机维修公司做监督。周末他就在地窖里东修西补，不是把零星的胶合板拼成多用柜， 就是找些零部件修理