届高考英语总复习练习专题1第2讲 短文改错 Word版含答案.docx

1、届高考英语总复习练习专题1第2讲 短文改错 Word版含答案第二讲短文改错全国卷3年考情分析命题者说短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。短文改错命题原则表高考就考这些点着眼点具体思考点词法动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气名词可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格代词主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级冠词不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词介词基本用

2、法、固定搭配词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致短文改错意识原则表答题就按此法办短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词23个，错词78个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。见下表：类型总数(10)具体思考点多、缺词23be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词78连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等A(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eig

3、hteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”

4、 “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.答案：In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driv

5、ing lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “left！” I was so nervous t

6、hat I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes， the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.B(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go

7、 to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations fr

8、om the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!答案：Mr. and Mrs.Zhang work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, i

9、s on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools.， they often get some useful from the Internet. When summer， they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!C(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I r

10、ealize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in

11、 my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.答案：When I look at this picture of myself, I rea

12、lize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was， I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car maga

13、zines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.名词单复数的误用1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：(1)可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，有时也考查错把单数用作复数。(2)不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。(3)

14、可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。2应考策略(1)理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。(2)记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。示例1(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”解析wordwords考查名词的数。根据下文提示，教练发出了“Speed up！”，“Slow down！”，“Turn left！”多个指令，故用word的复数形式words。示例2(2017全国卷)Besides, they often

15、 get some useful informations from the Internet.解析informationsinformation考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式，故将informations改为information。示例3(2016浙江卷)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.解析childrenchild考查名词单复数。由when引导的时间状语从句中主语是I，为单数，且有冠词a，故应用chi

16、ld。示例4(2016四川卷)Mom has a fulltime job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.解析houseworkshousework考查可数名词与不可数名词的混用。housework“家务”，为不可数名词，没有复数。冠词的多用、漏用和误用1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下五个方面：(1)a和an的错用：元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a。(2)不定冠词和定冠词的错用：表示特指时用定冠词the；表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。注意固定搭配中冠词的使用情况。(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失：一般来说，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词，表示泛指用

17、a(n)，表示特指用the。(4)冠词的多余：可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。(5)常用固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。2应考策略(1)牢固掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规律。(2)平时注意冠词的使用，努力培养语感。(3)固定搭配中的冠词是固定的，只有记住才是硬道理。示例1(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.解析first前加the或my由于序数词first前应该

18、用定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰，故first前加the或my。示例2(2017全国卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.解析hour前aan/onehour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小时”可以用an hour也可以用one hour。所以hour前a改为an/one。示例3(2016全国卷)If we stay at home, it is comfortable and there is no nee

19、d to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world.解析world前加the冠词漏用。world是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词the。示例4(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.解析thea考查冠词错用。in a short period of time“在短时间内”为固定搭配，故the改为a。 代词的错用、缺失与多余1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下五个方面：(1)前后代

20、词指代不一致代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代词指代错误。(2)代词数的错用人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。(3)物主代词的错用形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词；名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。(4)不定代词或反身代词的误用。(5)代词的多余：主要是定语从句中代词的多余。在定语从句中，若引导词在从句中作宾语，此时就不能再用it，him或them等作宾语。2应考策略(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法。(3)

21、准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。示例1(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about an hour and a half to go to work every day.解析allboth或去掉all词法错误。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是两个人，故用both。因both在此作同位语，也可以去掉。all指的是三者或三者以上。故将all改为both或去掉all。示例2(2017全国卷)Around me in the pic

22、ture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.解析theythat/which句法错误。things是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用that或which。故将they改为that/which。示例3(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.解析yourselfmyself句意：起初，

23、我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意。根据主语I可知，应用myself。故将yourself改为myself。示例4(2015浙江卷)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.解析themit此处代词them指代前面的park，应是单数，所以用it。故them改为it。示例5(2017福建普通高中毕业班质检)Im going to a conference in you town in May, from 16th to 20th.解析youyour此处指我要去你/你们的城市去开会，应把y

24、ou改为your。示例6(2017太原五中模拟)I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me.解析memyself句意：我需要每天锻炼，并想法放松自己。与主语I相对应的反身代词是myself。故将me改为myself。非谓语动词的误用1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下五个方面：(1)不定式符号to的多余：在感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补。(2)不定式符号to的缺失：有些动词，如want，decide，plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。(3)误把非谓语动词用作谓语动词：句中已有谓语动

25、词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。(4)现在分词与过去分词的错用：现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成；现在分词转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物；而过去分词转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。(5)介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别：不定式符号to后接动词原形，而介词to后需跟动词的ing形式。2应考策略(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分。(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。(3)前后联系，整体把握。示例1(2017全国卷)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh

26、vegetables!解析pick前加to考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，故应在pick前加to。示例2(2016全国卷)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.解析taketakingbetween.and. “在和之间”，是固定结构。and前后连接的是并列成分。and前用了动名词staying，and后也应用动名词，故把take改为taking。示例3(2016四川卷)Mom was grateful and moving. 解析movingmovedmoving表示“令人感动

27、的”，而moved表示“感动的”。故将moving改为moved。示例4(2015浙江卷)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.解析sitsittingenjoy后跟动名词作宾语。故sit改为sitting。示例5(2014辽宁卷)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.解析understandingunderstandIts difficult to do sth.“做某事有困难”。it为形式主语，不定式为真

28、正的主语。故将understanding改为understand。动词的时态和语态的误用1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：(1)上下文时态不一致：当上下文叙述的是同一件事情时，时态应保持一致。(2)并列句中的谓语动词时态不一致：并列连词所连接的动词时态应保持一致；并列句中的谓语动词时态也应保持一致。(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。2应考策略(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词的主体时态。(2)结合语境，灵活掌握各种时态的用法。(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动。示例1(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my

29、second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.解析tooktaken；becomebecame考查时态和语态。photo与take为被动关系，故应用被动语态，所以应把took改为taken; 主句时态为一般过去时，and连接并列谓语entered和became，所以应把become改为became。示例2(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cook

30、ing.解析usingused考查动词的被动语态。主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil和use之间为被动关系，故需用被动语态。示例3(2016全国卷)It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.解析hadhave由前面的句子可知，这里吃饭时总是涌满了顾客，用的是一般现在时，根据时态的一致性，后面的句子也应用一般现在时。故将had改为have。示例4(2016全国卷)However, my parents didnt seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it.解析telltold由前句的didnt可判断用一般过去时。故将tell改为told。示例5(2015全国卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.解析tellingtold此处and后的动词应与其前的saw并列，故将telling改为told。主谓不一致的错误1此类题的错误设置一般包括以下四个方面：(1)主谓在人称或单复数上不一致。(2)在含有定语从句