19版高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第一讲句子如何写对讲义.docx

1、19版高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第一讲句子如何写对讲义第二步 过句子关第一讲 句子如何写对第1课时简单句的五种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Whats worse, I dont communicate well in my family.(2017天津高考满分作文)更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。And I can pla

2、y outside too！(2016四川高考书面表达)我也可以在外面玩！名师指津主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中，不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其他相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。我们在学习此句型时，应当重视不同动词与其相关词汇的搭配关系。二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。We debated over what to put into the video.(2017北京高考书面表达)我们讨

3、论了该把什么放进视频中。I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.(2016全国卷书面表达)我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。名师指津上述例句都是本句型的典型句子，修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末。这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可以用名词短语、分词或不定式短语等作状语。该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词或及物动词短语。三、主语系动词表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。Tang_Poetry is wha

4、t we are going to learn the next class, scheduled on July 20 in the school library.(2017全国卷书面表达)唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容，定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.(2016全国卷书面表达)对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us stude

5、nts.(2015全国卷书面表达)我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。名师指津本句型中的连系动词以be为最多。此外还有少数其他的连系动词，如appear, become, get, grow, look, prove, remain等。本句型的特点是“连系动词表语”二者缺一不可。例如“The teacher angry”和“The story about a singer”都不能成为一个句子。用作表语的最常见的有名词和形容词，其次是介词短语和不定式短语等。四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物

6、的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.(2017北京高考书面表达)那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.(2016天津高考书面表达)现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。名师指津英语中有些及物动词要跟双宾语，即直接宾语(指物)和间接宾语(指人)。要跟双宾语的动词有：ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, offer, pa

7、ss, pay, read, return, save, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。间接宾语通常在直接宾语之前，如本句型及例句所示。如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则需借助介词to或for。五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。I would like you to join our schools table tennis team.(2017全国卷书面表达)我

8、想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014辽宁高考书面表达)你的投稿将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.(2016北京高考书面表达)事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。名师指津英语中，有些及物动词除要求跟宾语外，还必须外加一个补足语，句意才能完整。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有：

9、call, consider, choose, elect, feel, find, get, keep, make, name, paint, push, set, suppose, think, turn等。要跟不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：ask, expect, force, get, have, hear, help, let, listen to, make, notice, order, permit, persuade, see, tell, want, watch, warn等。其中have, make, let, listen to, hear, notice, see,

10、 watch, feel要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补。动词help后作宾补的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。本句型中的“宾语宾语补足语”，也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，因此，逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点。它不同于第四基本句型中的“间接宾语直接宾语”就在于“间接宾语直接宾语”之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 .写出下列句子属于五种基本句式的哪一种1In other words, we are the master of our own future.主语系动词表语2My mother bought me a beautiful skirt in the super

11、market last week.主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语3A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.主语谓语(不及物动词)4He had mastered 2,000 English words by the end of last month.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语5As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语.根据提示补全句子1现在，在中学里课外活动

12、正变得越来越受欢迎。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays afterclass activities are_becoming_more_and_more_popular in middle schools.2你考虑过利用你的天赋加入辩论队吗？(主语谓语宾语)Have you thought of using_your_talent_to_join_the_debate_team?3他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)He made his workers work_12_hours_a_day.4早睡早起是一个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)Going_to_b

13、ed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.5最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.6你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge.7你介意我打开窗户吗？(主语谓语宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)Would you mind_me/my_opening_the_window?8科普书籍能

14、帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾补)Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.根据提示翻译句子1事故是昨天下午发生的。(主语谓语)The_accident_happened/took_place_yesterday_afternoon.2一切看来都不同了。(主语系动词表语)Everything_seems_different.3他承认犯了错误。(主语谓语宾语)He_admitted_making_a_mistake.4我给他看我的照片。(主语

15、谓语间接宾语直接宾语)I_showed_him_my_photos.5这使得他们要仔细想一想。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)This_made_them_think_carefully.第2课时并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。一、常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and, both . and ., not only . but (also) ., neither . nor .转折关系but, yet, whereas选择关系or, otherwise, or else, either . o

16、r ., not . but .因果关系for, so, therefore, thus对比关系whileSome compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.(2017北京高考书面表达)有些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.(2016全国卷书面表达)我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。All the

17、 classmates are friendly and kind, so you dont need to worry about the difficulty.(2014天津高考书面表达)所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没必要担心有什么困难。As middle school students, were not familiar with foreign cultures, while Chinese culture isnt fit to appear in an English newspaper.(2014上海高考满分作文)作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在

18、英语报刊中。二、并列句的常用句型1both .and .“既又”As we all know, travelling is beneficial to both our mind and our health.众所周知，旅游对我们的身心都有益。2either .or .“或者或者；不是就是”If youre interested in it, you may either send an email to 12345 or sign up in person.(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345或亲自报名。3neither .nor .“既不也不”In aut

19、umn, its neither too hot nor too cold.(2014天津高考标准范文)秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。4not only .but (also) .“不仅而且”Not only will all kinds of papercutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.(2017全国卷书面表达)这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪

20、纸作品不仅会在那天展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。5not .but .“不是，而是”It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们把多少爱投入进去。6.while/whereas “而，却”The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。7祈使句/名词词组and/or/othe

21、rwise陈述句(1)祈使句and陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.(2013四川高考满分作文)记住它，我们就能逐渐地养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。(2)名词词组and陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another, further等词)Another try, and youll achieve success.再试一次，你就会取得成功。(3)

22、祈使句or/otherwise陈述句Seize the chance, or youll regret.抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。(4)名词词组or/otherwise陈述句More healthy food, or youll break down sooner or later.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。8.when .“这时”(1)sb. was doing sth. when .“某人正在做某事，这时”I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of an old woman with a walki

23、ng stick lying on the ground.今天早晨我正步行去上学，这时看见一位拄着拐杖的老妇人躺在地上。(2)sb. was about to do sth. when .“某人正要做某事，这时”I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(2014福建高考满分作文)我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。(3)sb. had just done sth. when .“某人刚做完某事，这时”I had just finished sweeping the floor when the

24、telephone rang.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。三、使用并列句的注意事项1连词not only .but also .在连接两个分句时，如果把not only放在句首，该分句需用部分倒装语序。Not only will these donated books make you more familiar with China, but they also help enhance your Chinese.(2015天津高考书面表达)这些捐赠的图书不仅将使你们更加熟悉中国，而且它们也有助于提高你们的汉语。Not only do they offer us joy and excit

25、ement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他们不仅提供给我们喜悦和兴奋，而且也鼓励我们批判性思考。2表示“虽然但是”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与though/although连用。虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.()I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()3表示

26、因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。因为他生病，所以他那天没去上学。Because/As he was ill so he didnt go to school that day.()Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school that day.()He was ill so he didnt go to school that day.() .用适当的并列连词填空1(2017全国卷书面表达)Im sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiasti

27、c about pingpong. Therefore,_Id like to invite you to join the team.2(2015陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very good and Im openminded and warmhearted, so Im getting along well with everyone.3Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.4It must have rained last night, for it is wet

28、all over.5Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.6The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.7Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?8I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.用并列句补全句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)因此，如果你努力学习的话，展览不仅可以帮助

29、你更好地了解中国民间艺术，而且可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。Therefore,_the exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of Chinese folk art, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some papercutting skills if you try hard to learn.2上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_cant_catch_what_he_i

30、s_saying.3她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling her.4是你所说的话而不是你所做的事使你的同学感到生气。It is not what you had done but what you had said that annoyed your classmates.5事实上，我不喜欢再去，但是我害怕失去他们的友谊。As a matter of fact, I dont like to go anymore, but_Im_afraid_Ill_lose_their_friendship.第3课时复合句复合句通常包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个(或几个)主谓结构充当句子的某一成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。充当一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句。由于从句在句子中的作用不同，因此按其作用可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句等。由于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用相当于名词，因此又统称为名词性从句，名词性从句由关联词that, if, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等引导。1主语