高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people. Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as it

2、s inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast. According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measur

3、ing just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours. By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated t

4、hat over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat. WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines, said Oliver Cunningham, one of the

5、co-founders of RanMarine. Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches. Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether its around the perimeter (周边

6、) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean, added Cunningham. WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model. Dub

7、ai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways

8、 doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark? A.It can frighten sharks away.B.It is an ocean explorer.C.It is a rubbish collector.D.It can catch f

9、ish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A.The causes of ocean pollution.B.The dangers of using plastics.C.The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D.The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object? A.Avoid crashing into it.B.Break it

10、 into pieces.C.Swallow it.D.Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with? A.The WasteShark should be used more widely.B.More measures should be taken to make water clean.C.The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D.People should take a positive attitude to new tech

11、nology.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。 （2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were approx

12、imately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, t

13、he drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesnt have a one-size-fits-a

14、ll solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to

15、 the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭气) too. Vulture (秃鸳) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by r

16、idding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressors eyes and face

17、. Opossum (负鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become dead, they dont have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher

18、meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they wont move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and its t

19、he only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Millipedes (千足虫) Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to cur

20、l up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers. Sea Hare (海兔) The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so its not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-

21、related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators. Researchers using lobsters (2-f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. I

22、n other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they dont know how appealing it is.（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by _. A.becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB.giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC.releasing su

23、bstance to make predators unable to smell itD.giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B.The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by

24、predators.C.The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as stink bird.D.The gas released by millipede was basically harmless.（3）The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is _. A.vultureB.opossumC.millipedeD.sea hare【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。 （1）考查细节理

25、解。根据Sea Hare (海兔)部分中的“The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据Opossum (负鼠)部分中的“In order to become dead, they dont have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just li

26、e there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据Millipedes (千足虫)部分中的“Their major defense is to curl up into a bal

27、l. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害 的眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information

28、given in the passage you have just read. Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they m

29、ust be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite

30、differently. In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers

31、have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do. Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside dow