高中英语必修五知识点.docx

1、高中英语必修五知识点高中英语必修五知识点Unit 1 Great scientists一重点短语1.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平2.absorbinto 吸收，理解接受，吞并 be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于be lost in thought想得出神 沉思于be engaged in 从事于忙于be concentrated on 集中注意力3.make a suggestiongive an advicemake the investigation 4.look into 调查 看 浏览5.slow down 减缓6.relate to 有关 涉及

2、7.link to 有关联系8.die out 灭绝；die of 死于；die from死于9.his career came to an end. 他的事业结束了。10.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病11.make a new career 创立新的事业12.apart from 除了13.two more example =another two另外两个14.make a face 做鬼脸make ones way to 转向 向出发，朝走去make up ones mind下定决心make friendsmake the bedmake sure确定

3、make room for为.腾空间15.lead to 领导16.only 修饰主语不倒装，状语要倒装 If only 但愿 要是 Only if只有.（要倒装） only if you use this way can you 17.make sense 有意义 讲得通in a sense 有点.make sense of 搞清楚 弄明白in no sense 绝不 ；不可能22. at times 时不时 有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of tim

4、e 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是 随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事24.look into 调查25.look ahead 向前看 展望未来look around for 参观 四处看看look away from 把目光从移开look back (at) 回顾 回忆look out (for) 留心 当心look up to 尊敬 钦佩look though 检查 浏览32.go down 下降33.slow down 慢下来

5、 放慢速度33.knock down 击倒34.tear down 拆毁 拆除35.know about 了解；know of 听说过36.pass sth from 从处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过 pass down 把传下去 pass on 传递, 传授37. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法38.put forward 提出建议， 推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨39.by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过 的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel ones w

6、ay 摸索着走 谨慎从事 on ones way to 在去的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法40.put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭 (火) put up 建立; 建造put up with 忍受 41.be expert at/in sth 某方面的专家42.expose A to B 使A暴露于B；A be exposed to B A 暴露于B43.be severe with/on sth 对

7、严格44.be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因责备某人 blame sth on sb 把.归咎于某人45.at ease 舒适 快活 自由自在ease off 减轻痛苦，紧状态，缓和，放松46.cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病 cure for sth 治疗的方法47.have sb do sth= get sb to do sth 让某人做某事have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth让某人一直做某事二重点语法-过去分词做定语和表语1.English is a widely used language.2.He

8、 threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way

9、 = a way that is organized affected area 灾区 = the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doc

10、tor in London. 定语2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语 Past Participle as the Attribute 定语 Past Participle as the Predicative 表语1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved

11、 seats2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audi

12、ence9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been b

13、orn and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过)及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。 polluted water = water which is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作

14、结束之含义。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had n

15、ever been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过.The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty

16、 boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun (暴露在下的) got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.The

17、English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关

18、系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。Dont get so excited. 别这么激动。1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强

19、,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。 How did the audience rece

20、ive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 a moving movie 感人的电

21、影 a moved audience 被感动的观众 boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 落叶(正在进行) fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road c

22、ompleted yesterday is leading to Tibet.Unit 2 The United Kingdom一重点短语1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛2.consist of由组成= be made up of；consist in 存在于3.leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏4.divide into 分成pare A with B 与比compare A to B 把A比作B6.prepare to 准备7.work out 做出 解决 设计出 计算出 锻炼开采完 发展 进行work on对.起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于work in 在工作w

23、ork off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄8.familiar with熟悉9.worried about the time available担心时间不够10.make a list of 列出关于的清单11.on special occasions 在特殊的场合12.the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服定语 不加“s”13.set the world time设置世界时间14.on either side of the line 在线的两端15.fall asleep入睡16.with delight 十分喜悦的17.know abo

24、ut 了解 be known as 作而出名 be known for 因而著名 as far as one knows据某人所知19.take the place of = replace代替 = take sbs place代替某人 take place 发生，举行 in place of = instead of 代替20.clarify ones stand/ position 阐明某人的立场clarify matters 澄清真相21.puzzle over 苦思； be in a puzzle about 对不解； 人 puzzled；物 puzzling22.be in/come

25、 into conflict with 与冲突/矛盾23.be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事24.attract sb. 吸引某人 attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力25.look around 参观，四处看26.pick up 捡二重点语法-过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被

26、动的关系，表一种状态。)一过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）Dont leave such an important thing undone.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.二过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：A）表让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做eg:

27、 I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受.影响，蒙受. 损失Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2.make+宾语+过去分词,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：They man

28、aged to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如When we got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discuss

29、ed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、过去分词用在“wi

30、th +宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.With everything well arranged,he left the office.六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。eg:He didnt notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English. Unit 3 Life in the future