形容词比较级和最高级变化规则.docx

1、形容词比较级和最高级变化规则描述词比较级和第一流变更规则之杨若古兰创作描述词级的变更规律和级的用法: 一、描述词级的变更： 1、规律变更： 单音词的变更：（四条） 普通情况： +er(比较级) +est(第一流) eg :quiet-quieter-the quietest bright-brighter-the brightest 明亮/聪明的 dear-dearest-the dearest clever-cleverer-the cleverest 词末为-e（不发音）+ r -+st eg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicest cute

2、-cuter-the cutest close-closer-the closest white-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest(特殊) 重读闭音节，末尾只要一个辅音字母的： 双写辅音字母+er-双写辅音字母+est eg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddest wet-wetter-the wettest sad-sadder-the saddest fat-fatter-the fattest thi

3、n-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-fittest 少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词： 变y为i+er 变y为i+est 描述词和副词用法比较描述词和副词描述词和副词在语法结构中次要用于比较级和第一流.描述词和副词的构成方式基本上一样，它们的方式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，当然还有其特殊方式.描述词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和第一流三种方式.但这三种方式都有它们特殊的表达方式和它们的惯用法.对以下要点大家须逐个把握. 第一节 描述词比较级和第一流的方式 一、描述词比较级和第一流的构成 描述词的比较级和第一流变更方式规则如下 构 成 法 原

4、 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 普通单音节词末尾加 er和 eststrongstrongerstrongest单音节词如果以 e结尾，只加 r和 ststrangestrangerstrangest闭音节单音节词如末尾只要 一个辅音字母， 须先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er和 estsadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest少数以 y, er(或 ure), ow, ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加 er和 est(以 y结尾的词，如 y前是辅音字母， 把y酿成i，再加 er和 est，以 e结尾的词仍 只加 r和 st)angryclever

5、narrownobleangriercleverernarrowernoblerangrestcleverestnarrowestnoblest其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more different most different 1) The most high A mountain in B the world is Mount Everest， which is situated C in Nepal and is twenty ninethousandonehundredandfourtyonefeethighD . 2) This hou

6、se is spaciouser A than that B white C one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota D last year. 3) Research in the social A sciences often proves difficulter B than similar C work in the physical D sciences. 二、描述词比较级或第一流的特殊方式： 1. 三个或三个以上音节的描述词只能加more和most 只能说 more beautiful而不克不及说beautifuller; 只能说the mo

7、st beautiful而不克不及说beautifullest. 但是，以描述前缀 un结尾的三音节描述词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest 2. 由 ING分词和 ED分词演化过来的描述词(包含不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来暗示它们的比较级和第一流 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等. 4) The drawings A of the ol

8、d masters B are among the treasuredest C works in museums D . 3. 英语里有些描述词因为其词义而不成能有比较级方式 absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta- utter entire foremost perfect neous vital eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole excellentinfiniteprimarysupremewooden三、不规则描述词的比较级和第一流方式 good

9、well better bestbad ill worse worstmany much more mostlittle few less leastfar farther farthest further furthest5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter A to tame B than C Asian elephants D . 6) Sarah Hale became A one of the famousest B magazine C editors in the United States durin

10、g D the 1800s. 7) Of all A the Native American tribes B ， the Shawnee Indians were C a most D transient. 四、例题解析 1) A错.应将“most high”改为highest.这是在考描述词比较级的构成方式. 2) A错.改为more spacious. 3) B错. 改为more difficult. 4) C错. treasured 在本句中是 ED分词(动词treasure ed)作描述词使用，是“贵重的、名贵的”意思，润色名词 works(作品)，其第一流方式利用 the most

11、 treasured. 5) A错，改为more difficult. 6) B错.改为“the most famous”，因为famous(闻名的)是双音节，其第一流变更应在前面加“the most”. 7) D错.应改为“the most”，因为此处暗示的是第一流，“the most transient”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”. 第二节 副词比较级和第一流的方式 副词比较级和第一流的变更方式与描述词基本上一样 普通 副词 hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater latest earlyearlier earliest 特殊 副词

12、 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 但是，开放类副词即当前缀 ly结尾的副词不克不及像描述词那样加 er或 est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注： early中的 ly不是后缀，故可以把 y变 i再加 er和 est第三节 描述词与副词比较级和第一流的基本用法 一、原级比较的基本用法 1. 原级比较由“as描述词或副词(或再加名词或短语)as ”构成“原级不异”比较句，暗示两者比较

13、；其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) 描述词或副词as”，而且asas结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等暗示程度的词润色 1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen minutewalking2)Thegorilla(大猩猩)， while A not

14、 quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence C and memory retention(记忆力) in solving D a problem. 3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state， Texas. 2. “as (so)名词as名词”进行名词比较，这时候普通情况下有一个暗示原级的比较词，但如果第一位词前出现了描述词润色该词或出现副词润色谓语，该当用so而不必as 4) Thomas Jeffersons ach

15、ievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician. A such B more C as D than 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题) A that B so C this D as 二、比较级 1. 比较级由“描述词(副词)比较级than，”构成暗示在两者两头一方比另一方“更加”.连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、 ING结构和 ED结构，有时也可省去than. 6) Na

16、tural mica(云母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica. 7) She is older than . A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until

17、 her death fifteen years late B ， remained C active in journalistic D work. 2. 留意than前后两项比拟较的人或事物要分歧 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10) Sound travels air. A faster through water than through B faster than

18、 through water and C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrands pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D . 三、第一流 1. 第一流用于三者以上比较，描述词的结构方式是“定冠词描

19、述词第一流名词暗示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等) 12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear. 13) Of all economic A problems， inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and

20、 business. 14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2. 副词的第一流与描述词第一流的区别在于第一流前没有定冠词the 四、例题解析 1) B为准确答案. 2) B错.改为 as ，和前面的as和描述词本相curious 一路构成同程度比较. 3) B错. 改为as large. 4) C对.动词rival(胜过、

21、匹敌)前后是两个比拟较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献)，因为前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect，故空白处也利用as，使前后对比成分分歧. 5) B为准确答案. 6) C错.应改为比较级cheaper.比较级后其实纷歧定跟接连词than，有时在其间着名词或名词短语(被描述词所润色)，介词短语，不定式或其他成分隔开. 7) A为准确答案.“She”作为单个不克不及跟全组比(C和D分歧错误)，也不克不及跟全组所有比拟，因为“她”也是其中一员，天然“她”不克不及跟本人比拟.这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”，所以A对. 8) B错

22、.应改为比较级later，是以处实为与1905年比拟晚15年，故应使用比较级. 9) D为准确答案. 10) A为准确答案. 11) D错. 改为his masters. 12) A错. 改为most. 13) C错.改为the， significant是多音节描述词，在此处利用第一流方式(在前面加 the most)，留意句中的“of all ”. 14) C为准确答案.本句空白处缺状语，A和B全为名词短语，不符合条件；D为句子，和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，故亦应排除.只要C准确，和后面的第一流the most familiar前后呼应. 第四节 描述词和副词的特殊表达法 一、描述词与副词

23、的同级比较： 由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式为“not so”或“not asas”,考生还应留意以下含有“as”结构或短语的句子 1. as such：暗示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待. 2. as much：暗示“与同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行. I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会情愿把它买下的. He as much as admitted the w

24、hole story. 他几乎全部承认了. 3. as many：暗示“与一样多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错. 二、暗示“几倍于”的比较级：用twice (两倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 结构 This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大.(这个比那个大三倍.) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍. / He has book

25、s twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍. 1) The five yeardealobligatesA the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C ， three million more as D the old pacts minimum. 三、“the same 名词as”暗示同等比较 2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye. A in the same function B the same function as

26、C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed. A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四、比较级前可用a little, a bit

27、, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语暗示不定量，far, completely,still暗示程度或更进一步 4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were. A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite

28、 are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered A migratory， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter. 兼有两种方式的副词 1) close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是细心地 He is sitting close to me. W

29、atch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是比来 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是深，暗示空间深度；deeply时常暗示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high暗示空间高度；highly暗示程度，相当于much The plan

30、e was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide暗示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在很多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无穷制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.描述词使用顺序巧记忆当两个以上描述词润色一个名词，描述词该如何排列? 为何不克不及说a black new pen，而要说成a new black pen? 这里面有没有规则可循?如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮忙记忆而杜撰的词，就能把握英语中描述词排列的顺序.Opshacom中op代表opinion，指暗示人们观点的描述词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；