标准海事通信用语分析解析.docx

1、标准海事通信用语分析解析IMO标准海事通信用语总 则 General1. 程序 Procedure当有必要表示将使用IMO标准海事通信用语时，可发送如下信文：When it is necessary to indicate that the IMO SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:“请使用IMO标准海事通信用语。”“Please use IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.”“我将使用IMO标准海事通信用语”“I will use IMO Standard Marine

2、 Communication Phrases.”2. 拼读 Spelling (参阅张晓峰、徐东华编著船舶驾驶员实用英语口语P4)3. 信文标识 Message Markers在岸船和船岸通信中或一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述八个信文标识。In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or radio communication in general, the following eight Message Markers may be used.（1）指示 Instruction（2）建议 Advise（3）警告 Warning（4）信息

3、Information（5）询问 Question（6）回答 Answer（7）请求 Request（8）意图 Intention4. 回答 responses4.1 如果对问题的回答是肯定的，应说“是的”，后接完整语句。When the answer to a question is in the affirmative, say:“Yes, ”followed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.2 如果对问题的回答是否定的，应说“不”，后接完整语句。When the answer to a question is in the negative, sa

4、y:“No, ”followed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.3 如果对需求的信息不能立即提供，可说“请稍等”，后接信息可适用的时间间隔。When the information requested is not immediately available, say:“Stand by ”followed by the time interval within which the information will be available.4.4 如果不能获得对方需求的信息，可说“没有信息”。When the information requeste

5、d cannot be obtained, say: “No information.”4.5 当由交管站、海军船舶或其他授权人士给出指令（INSTRUCTION）或建议（ADVISE）时，如果给予肯定的回答，则说“我将/能”，后接完整的指令或建议。如果是否定的回答，则说“我将不/不能”，后接完整的指令或建议。When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS Station, naval vessel or other fully authorized personnel) or an ADVISE is given, respond if in the affirmati

6、ve:“I will/ can ”followed by the instruction or advise in full; and, if in the negative, respond:“I will not/ cannot ”followed by the instruction or advise in full.例如：“建议。不得追越你北面的船。”Example: “ADVISE. Do not overtake the vessel to the North of you.”回答：“我不会追越我北面的船。”Respond: “I will not overtake the ve

7、ssel to the North of me.”4.6在对外通信和船舶内部通信中，应答命令和对特别重要问题的回答，应使用标准用语中的语句。5. 遇险/紧急/安全信文 Distress/ Urgency/ Safety signals5.1 MAYDAY用于发布遇险信文。 MAYDAY to be used to announce a distress message.5.2 PAN-PAN用于发布紧急信文。 PAN-PAN to be used to announce an urgency message.5.3 SECURITE用于发布安全信文。 SECURITE to be used t

8、o announce a safety message.6. 标准组织用语 Standard organizational phrases6.1 “你收听（我）的声音怎样？”“How do you read (me)?”我收听你的声音I read you 很差/1 信号强度为1（即极弱）bad/ one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)很弱/2 信号强度为2（即很弱）Poor/ two with signal strength two (i.e. week)还好/3 信号强度为3（即还好）fair/ three with si

9、gnal strength three (i.e. fairly good)较好/4 信号强度为4（即较好）good/ four with signal strength four (i.e. good)很好/5 信号强度为5（即很好）excellent/ five with signal strength five (i.e. very good)6.2 当建议保持在某个VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is advisable to remain on a VHF Channel/ Frequency, say:“Stand by on VHF ch

10、annel / frequency ”.6.2.1 当同意保持在指定的VHF频道/频率上时，说：“在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is accepted to remain on the VHF channel/ frequency indicated, say:“Standing by on VHF channel / frequency ”.6.3 当建议转到另一VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请转到VHF频道/频率”。“请试VHF频道/频率”。When it is advisable to change to another VHF channel/ frequency, say

11、:“Advise (you) change to VHF channel / frequency ”.“Advise (you) try VHF channel / frequency ”.6.3.1 当同意转到某VHF频道/频率接收时，说“转到VHF频道/频率”。When the changing of a VHF channel/ frequency is accepted, say:“Changing to VHF channel / frequency ”7. 改正 Corrections当信文出现错误时，说：“错误”。随后说：“改正”加上信文正确部分。When a mistake i

12、s made in a message, say:“ mistake” followed by the word:“Correction ” plus the corrected part of the message.例如：“我现在的速度为14节，错误。改正，我现在的速度是12节，十二节。”Example: “My present speed is 14 knots mistake. Correction, my present speed is 12 knots, one-two, knots.”8. 准备 Readiness“我准备/还没准备好接收你的信文。”“I am/ I am no

13、t ready to receive your message.”9. 重复 Repetition9.1 如果认为信文的某部分非常重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复”随后是信文的相应部分。If any part of the message is considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say:“Repeat” followed by the corresponding part of the message.例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6米”Example: “My draft is 12.6, repeat,

14、one-two decimal six meters.”9.2 如果信息没有确切听到，说：“请再说一遍”。 When a message is not properly heard, say: “Say again (please).”10. 数字 Numbers数字逐位读出：150 应读作：“一五零”，2.5 应读作：“二点五”。Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:“One-five-zero” for 150; “Two decimal five” or “Two point five” for 2.5.注：注意！当读舵角即舵令时，应按下

15、列示例：15，读“十五”；20读“二十”Note: Attention! When rudder angles, e.g. in wheel orders, are given, say:“Fifteen” for 15; “Twenty” for 20, etc.11. 位置 Positions11.1 在使用经纬度时，应以度、分（如果需要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬，东经或西经。11.2 当位置相对于某一标志时，该标志必须是海图上明确标出的物标，方位应以由物标位置的真北起算，以360记法来表示。When the position is related to a mark,

16、the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position FROM the mark.例如：“你的位置在Big Head灯塔137，距离2.4海里。”Example: “Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse distance 2.4 nautical miles.”12. 方位 B

17、earings 除相对方位外，物标或船舶的方位是用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以360记法来表示。方位可从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned is the bearing in 360 degrees notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.例如：“

18、引航船在你船的215方位上”Example: “Pilot boot is bearing 215 degrees from you.”13. 航向 Courses航向总是采用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以360记法来表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是驶离物标的航向。Always to be expressed in 360 degrees notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated). Whether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.14. 距离 Distances距离用

19、海里或链表示，所使用的单位必须加以注明。To be expressed in nautical miles or cables, the unit always to be stated.15. 速度 Speed速度用节表示。To be expressed in knots.6.1 若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度。Without further notation, meaning speed through the water.6.2 “对地速度”表示相对于海底的速度。“Ground speed” means speed over the ground.16. 时间 Times时间应以协

20、调世界时24小时来表示，如果在港内使用地方时应清楚指明。Times should be expressed in the 24 hours UTC notation; if local time will be used in ports or harbors I t should clearly be stated.17. 地理名称 Geographical names使用的地名必须是海图或航路指南所使用的名称。如果不明确，应给出经纬度。Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use.

21、 Should these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.18. 多义词 Ambiguous words英语中的一些词的意思由上下文确定。特别是在VTS通信中这些经常导致误解，以致引发事故，这些词语是：18.1 条件词“可以may”、“可能might”、“应该should”和“可能could”。May 可以 不能说：“我可以进入航道吗？” Do not say: “May I enter the fairway?” 应说：“询问。允许进入航道吗？” Say: “QUESTION. Do I have perm

22、ission to enter the fairway?” 不能说：“你可以进入航道。” Do not say: “You may enter the fairway.” 应说：“回答。允许进入航道。” Say: “ANSWER. You have permission to enter the fairway.”Might 可能 不能说：“我将进入航道。” Do not say: “I might enter the fairway.” 应说：“意图。我将进入航道。” Say: “INTENTION. I will enter the fairway.”Should 应该 不能说：“ 你应该

23、在B3锚地抛锚。” Do not say: “You should anchor in anchorage B3.” 应说：“建议。在B3抛锚” Say: “ADVISE. Anchor in anchorage B3.”Could 可能 不能说：“你可能正驶向危险。” Do not say: “You could be running into danger.” 应说：“警告。你正驶向危险。” Say: “WARNING. You are running into danger.”18.2 词Can“Can”既能表示做某事的可能性又能表示能力。在IMO标准海事通信用语中，无论是否涉及可能性，

24、当使用“Can”的用语似乎使意思清晰。然而，在含糊不清的上下文中，如果要求得到许可，可如例所示：“询问。在这个时间允许使用浅吃水道吗？”而不说：“在这个时间我可以使用浅吃水道吗？”Say: “QUESTION. Do I have permission to use the shallow draft fairway at this time?”Don not say: “Can I use the shallow draft fairway at this time?”航海英语补充材料SMCP中的术语解释1. 一般术语 General TermsTERMSMEANINGSAbandon ve

25、ssel弃船To evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel following a distress.遇险之后船员和旅客撤离船舶。Accommodation ladder舷梯Ladder attached to platform at vessels side with flat stems and handrails enabling persons to embark/ disembark from water or shore.连在船侧平台上的梯子，有平踏板和扶手，使人们能够从水上或岸上下船。Adrift漂移Uncontrolled movem

26、ent at sea under the influence of current, tide or wind. 在海流、潮汐或风力的影响下不受控制地在海上移动。Assembly station集合点Place on deck, in mass rooms, etc., assigned to crew and passengers where they have to meet according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement.当发出相应的警报或发布通告后，船员和旅客必须

27、按照应变部署表集中到指定的甲板上、餐厅里等地点。Backing 风向逆转Shift of wind direction in an anticlockwise manner.风向按逆时针方向而变化。Beach (to)抢滩To run a vessel up on a beach to prevent its sinking in deep water.驾驶船舶驶上浅滩，以防止沉入水中。Berth泊位1. A sea room to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platform, etc. 在船舶、礁石、平台等周围为安全而保留的水域等。2

28、. The place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc. 为船舶锚泊或靠泊码头等而指定的地点。Blast 号笛声A whistle signal made by the vessel. 船舶汽笛发出的声号Blind sector盲区An area which cannot be scanned by ships radar because it is shielded by parts of the superstructure, masts, etc.由于受上层建筑、桅杆等部分的遮蔽而船舶雷达

29、扫描不到的区域。Boarding arrangements登轮设施All equipment, such as pilot ladder, accommodation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer of the pilot.象引航梯、舷梯、升降机等为安全接送引航员所必需的所有设备。Boarding speed登轮速度The speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely embark/ disembark.为使

30、引航员安全登/离船而调整船舶与引航艇相一致的速度。Bob-cat平舱机A mini-caterpillar with push-blade used for the careful distribution of loose goods in cargo holds of bulk carriers.散货船舱内用语使散货均匀分布的带有推板的小型履带机。Briefing简介Concise explanatory information to crew and/ or passengers.对船员和/或旅客发布的简明的解释信息。Cable链3. chain connecting a vessel

31、to the anchor. 连接船舶至锚的链条。2. wire or rope primarily used for mooring a ship.泊船时最初使用的缆或绳3. one hundred fathoms or one tenth of a nautical mile. 一百拓或十分之一海里Capsize(to) 倾覆To turn over 翻倒Cardinal buoy方位浮标A seamark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the north, east, south or west, i.e. the cardinal points from a fixed point such as a wreck, shallow water, banks, etc. 海上标志，即浮标，标明在其北、东、南、西方位有诸如沉船、浅滩、沙洲等的方位点。Cardinal points基点The four main points of the compass: north