高考英语总复习之完形填空锁定高考.docx

1、高考英语总复习之完形填空锁定高考2017高考英语总复习（专题攻略）之完形填空 锁定高考说明文【2016上海】 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of

2、 management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers stil

3、l agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike

4、authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asi

5、an ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative,

6、 to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employ

7、ees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the

8、new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of ti

9、me they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 56. A. refer B. contribute C.

10、 object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditional

11、ly C. inadequately D. occasionally 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness【答案与解析】试题分析：本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。51.D 考查动词辨析。根据后半句.will do anything to avoid it可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可

12、以做任何事情。故D项正确。52.A 考查名词辨析。to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“.makes for authoritarian managers.”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任

13、何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。55.C 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。56.B 考查动词短语辨析。refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献；导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。57.A 考查名词辨析。agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处

14、是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商基础之上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。58.D 考查形容词辨析。根据前半句.women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。62.B 考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean ne

15、w forms of management.”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。63.D 考查动词辨析。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的；根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on p

16、rojects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。65.C 考查名词辨析。名词opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力；根据后半句中“in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them”可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故C项正确。【名师点睛】 本篇完形填空对语境理解

17、和词汇的复现进行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。名题精炼 (一)Giving a successful speech requires many things,

18、but the most important is making eye contact.As a matter of fact,eye contact is to a speech 1 a hand-shake is to a greeting.Eye contact is a nonverbal (非言语的) 2 that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to the audience.3 its persuasive powers,eye contact helps 4 listeners interest.Successful spe

19、akers must 5 eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time.Some speakers always 6 their notes.Others look over the 7 of their listeners at the back wall or the ceiling.Both are 8 to prevent you from 9 the audiences expression.People who maintain eye contact while speaking,whether from a podium (演讲

20、台) or from across the table,are regarded as more 10 and sincere.To show the 11 of eye contact in daily life,we have only to consider how passers-by 12 when their glances happen to meet on the street.At one 13 are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact.At the other extreme

21、are those who feel 14 and immediately look away.To make eye contact,it seems,is to make a certain 15 with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and control the listeners.It is,in fact,important to 16 an audience during a speech.Visual cues (视觉暗示) from audience members can 17

22、that a speech is dragging,that the speaker is talking about a 18 point for too long,or that a point requires further 19.As we have pointed out,visual feedback (视觉反馈) from listeners should play an important role in 20 a speech as it is delivered.1.A.thatB.whichC.what D.as2.A.ability B.techniqueC.meth

23、od D.access3.A.Except B.ButC.Besides D.As well4.A.attract B.raiseC.develop D.hold5.A.maintain B.supplyC.offer D.connect6.A.look on B.take onC.focus on D.turn on7.A.hands B.headsC.eyes D.feet8.A.going B.likelyC.sure D.about9.A.reading B.enjoyingC.looking D.admiring10.A.doubtful B.aggressiveC.impolite

24、 D.believable11.A.effectivenessB.factC.influence D.use12A.move B.playC.perform D.behave13.A.side BerC.hand D.extreme14.A.happy B.puzzledC.frightened D.awkward15.A.deal B.linkC.friend D.promise16.A.see B.greetC.analyze D.control17.A.indicate B.talkC.feel D.find18.A.particular B.someC.special Dmon19.A

25、.evaluation B.researchC.explanation D.discussion20.A.giving B.assessingC.listening to D.shaping【答案与解析】5.【解析】A 根据下文可知,此处是说成功的演讲者必须“保持(maintain)”至少75%的目光交流。故选A项。6.【解析】C前一句说成功的演讲者在演讲中利用目光交流的程度,后面说一些演讲者不利用目光交流的不正确做法。这里说明的是有的演讲者会始终把目光“聚焦在(focus on)”笔记上。故选C项。7.【解析】B该句讲的是一些演讲者不善于运用目光交流的另一种做法,即将目光越过听众的头上方而看

26、向后墙或天花板。故此处填heads。8.【解析】B 这是总结上面两种不正确的做法,都“可能(likely)”导致不好的结果。故选B项。9.【解析】A这两种做法都缺少和听众的目光交流,因而会阻止演讲者“读懂、看透(read)”听众的表情。故选A项。10.【解析】D 该词应该和空处后面的sincere表达的意思相近的词,故选用believable表示善于目光交流的演讲者会被认为是更加可信、更加忠诚的。故选D项。11.【解析】A阅读该段可知,此处作者以日常生活中的例子来加以说明目光交流的“有效性(effectiveness)”。故选A项。12.【解析】D以路上的过路人为例,当他们在街上遇到,瞥一眼对

27、方,他们会有什么样的“表现(behave)”。故选D项。16.【解析】C该段第一句说明,目光交流让演讲者了解和控制听众,后面说明了具体的分析方法,所以此处说明的是它实际上对于在演讲过程中“分析(analyze)”观众很重要。故选C项。17.【解析】A此处分析方法,来自观众成员的视觉暗示能“表明(indicate)”演讲过于冗长。故选A项。18.【解析】A此处that后面的说明和前面that a speech is dragging相关,故一个冗长的演讲实际上是演讲者谈论一个“特定的(particular)”话题太长。故选项A为正确答案。19.【解析】C或者是某一个问题需要进一步的“解释(exp

28、lanation)”。故选C项。20.【解析】D最后总结,正如我们所指出的,来自听众的视觉反馈应该在“塑造(shape)”一个演讲中起着重要的作用。故选D项。 (二)In the past,people usually believed what newly-born babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to 1 things until they were five or six months old.2 the researchers in the Unit

29、ed States now believe babies begin learning on their first 3 of life.They say babies are strongly 4 by their environment and one baby will 5 if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to 6 her mother.This is how babies start to lear

30、n to 7 and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn 8 in a baby even before birth.They also 9 the idea that newly-born babies can 10 and understand sounds they heard while they were still 11 inside their mothers.Recently,an American study 12 112 babies found babies lea

31、rned better when they were 13.The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own,sitting in seats or 14 to sit up.The researchers say keeping that kind of 15 had what they called a 16 effect on the babies ability to learn about objects.They say the body position may be linked to development in the 17.One 18 says babies can pay more attention to 19 an object if they do not have to be 20 about their balance.1.A.eat B.knowC.remember D.learn 2.A.Besides B.WhileC.But D.Therefore3.A.hour B.dayC.week D.month4.A.influenced B.acceptedC.disturbed D.moved5.A.cry B.smileC.eat