定语从句讲解.docx

1、定语从句讲解定语从句详细讲解（1）定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起

2、作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of

3、 which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）18.2

4、 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词 which结构，因此常常和介词 which结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer

5、?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？定语从句详细讲解（2）2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词 which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3

6、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never

7、 forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you

8、visited a few days age?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on whic

9、h都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考

10、查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 定语从句的考点之一 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：（1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is OK with me.A. that ; anything B. which ; everythingC. what ; whatever D. where

11、 ; something 选A。（2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think.A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。 定语从句的考点之二 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作

12、主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如：（3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play.A. where B. when C. that D. there 选A。（4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable.A. for

13、 which B. which C. why D. what 选B。（5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选D。 定语从句的考点之三 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：（6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th cent

14、ury. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 选D。（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.（8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 定语从句的考点之四 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢

15、记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think it is B. which I think isC. which I think it D. I think which is 选B。（9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years agoA

16、that；where Bwhere；thatCwhere；where Dthat；that 选D。（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. that B. which C. where D. when 选C。 定语从句的考点之五 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：1.根据定语

17、从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：（11）This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one _ it has been specially developedAfor which Bthat Cof which Dwhere 选A。（12）Anyway, that evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which 选D。

18、 定语从句的考点之六 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的没有。例如：（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out.A. that B. which C. as D. even 选C。（14）Carl sai

19、d the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which 选D。（15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 选B。 定语从句的考点之七 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如：（16）The teacher wante

20、d to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson.A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which 选B。（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what 选B。（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine sh

21、e had had _went wrong again.A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 选C。（19）_ is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reachA. It B. What C. As D. Which 选 A（20）_ is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which 选C。（21）_ is well-known is that Antarct

22、ica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which 选B。 虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法 定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力，现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下： 一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week?A. where B. the one C. on

23、 which D. /【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。 二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place, _ stood a big tower.A. which B. that C. / D. where【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。 三、拆分词组和固定

24、搭配3. The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.A. of which B. where C. to do D. that4. Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life?A. which B. on which C. when D. where【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a

25、part (in)。 四、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery, _ I believe is of great importance.A. that B. / C. which D. why【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。 五、插入非

26、谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _ the radio for me?A. who; repaired B. that; repairedC. whom; repairing D. that; repair【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.小试牛刀：1. Was i

27、t in the shop _ sold childrens clothing that you lost your wallet?A. / B. where C. that D. when2. Thank you for the difficulty _ you have had painting the house.A. when B. / C. why D. where3. Is there anyone around the factory _ knows how to operate the computer?A. who B. which C. where D. in which4

28、. The managers discussed the plan _ they would like to see _ the next year.A. that; carried out B. who; carried outC. which; carry out D. that; carrying out5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth _ she had made _ with lots of spots.A. which; cover B. that; coveredC. /; covering D. wh

29、ere; covering6. Lincoln, _ life was once hard, were elected President. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /Key: 16 CBAABA问：为什么非限制性定语从句前面可用逗号与主句隔开，而限制性定语从句则不可以呢？答：限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开，也不可将其省略，否则句意就不完整；非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是作一些附加说明，不起限定制约的作用，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开，并可以将其省略，此时主句的意义

30、仍然完整明确。例如：Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那位女孩吗？Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位老朋友。Li Ming，who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions.李明在屋子里，他想问你几个问题。析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。问：定语从句先