考研英语阅读真题.docx

1、考研英语阅读真题2002 Text 1 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy

2、 with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized b

3、osses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyo

4、ne is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, thats God, came

5、the reply, but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairm

6、ans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you

7、feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebr

8、ow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote If at first you dont succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at

9、your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 41. To make your humor work, you should _.A take advantage of different kinds of audience B make fun of the disorganized people C address different problems to different people D show sympathy for your li

10、steners 42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _.A impolite to new arrivals B very conscious of their godlike role C entitled to some privileges D very busy even during lunch hours 43. It can be inferred from the text that public services _.A have benefited many peo

11、ple B are the focus of public attention C are an inappropriate subject for humor D have often been the laughing stock 44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _.A in well-worded language B as awkwardly as possible C in exaggerated statements D as casually as possible 4

12、5. The best title for the text may be _.A Use Humor Effectively B Various Kinds of Humor C Add Humor to Speech D Different Humor Strategies 重点词汇：identify （辨别；视为同一）即ident+ify，ident词根“同一”，-ify动词后缀“使”；identification（识别；身份证明）identify去y加-ication名词后缀；identical（同一的）ident+ical形容词后缀。Any man over thirty ident

13、ifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。relevant （相关的；意义重大的）即re+lev+ant，re-前缀，lev词根“升，举”，-ant形容词后缀，故“从升起的”“源自的”相关的。同根词：elevate（升举，提高）e+lev+ate；elevator（电梯，升降机）e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a human

14、e future.对于一个人道的未来，知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。sympathy （n.同情；共鸣）即sym+path+y，sym-（=syn-，在p前n变形为m以方便发音，前缀“同”），path词根“感情”，-y抽象名词后缀；sympathize/sympathise（v.同情；共鸣），-ize/-ise为动词后缀；sympathetic（同情的；共鸣的）sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybody can

15、 sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friends success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦，然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。Reading is not merely sympathizing and understanding; it is also critici

16、zing and judging.阅读不仅是同情与理解，也是批评与判断。alternatively （二者择一地；另外）alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly；alternative（二者择一的；供选择的事物）alter+nat(e)+ive；alternate（v.交替；交替的）alter+nate。Loves alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可选择的东西越多，就越难选择。guangxian注：哲学家布里丹的虚拟驴子在两堆等距离等体积的谷堆面前饿死

17、。convention （大会；惯例；公约）即con+ven(t)+tion，con-一起，ven(t)来，-tion名词后缀，故“人们来到一起”开“大会”，而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”，公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。The danger doesnt lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难，而在于阻碍进步的成规。stomp （n.v.重踏）stamp（邮票；标志）也有相同含义，想象“猛盖邮戳”重踏。appropriate （适当

18、的）即ap+propri+ate，ap-前缀加强语气，propri看作proper（适当的），-ate后缀；inappropriate / / （不适当的）in否定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。inedible （不可食的）in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能的。resent （v.愤怒、怨恨）即re+sent，re（=against反对），sent（=sense感觉），于是“在感觉上反对”愤恨。Peopl

19、e dont resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少，而不是没有。disparaging （轻视的）dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。scapegoat （替罪羊）可这样记：escape（n.v.逃跑）e+scape，把e看作ex-，则scape就是没有“离开”的“逃不掉的”“留下来替罪的”，于是scape+goat替罪羊。与“羊”有关的另一习语：black sheep（害群之马；败家子），源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.casual

20、（偶然的；漫不经心的）即cas降落+ual后缀；casualty（严重意外事故；伤亡者）cas+ual+ty名词后缀。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作为纯粹随意浏览的读物，我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。off-the-cuff 即席的。deliver （v.传递；释放；发表；分娩）即de+liver，de-前缀“使”，liver(=liber)词根“自由”，于是从“使自由”推出deli

21、ver的各项含义；delivery （传递）deliver+y名词后缀。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊，解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended. Swift as is the delivery of the radio bulletin, graphic as is televisions eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的时代远未结束。尽管广播新闻传递迅速，电视现场

22、画面生动，补充事件含义进而澄清事实的任务仍旧是迫切的。light-hearted 轻松愉快的。familiar （熟悉的；亲近的）即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀，“感觉像家一样的”；familiarity（熟悉）familiar+ity名词后缀。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的两种力量，是使新鲜的事物变得熟悉，和使熟悉的事物变得新鲜。familiarity the opiate of the imaginati

23、on 熟悉想象力的麻醉剂。exaggeration / （夸张）ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀；exaggerate（夸张）ex+agger+ate动词后缀。We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦，也从不那么快乐。exaggeration a truth that has lost its temper 夸张发脾气的真理。understatemen

24、t （掩饰；轻描淡写的陈述）under+statement；反义词：overstatement（夸大的陈述）over+statement。privilege （n.优惠；特权v.给予优惠或特权）即privi+leg+e，privi(=private)词根“私人的”，leg词根“法律”（如legal“法律的；合法的”leg+al），e为小词，于是“私人的法律”特权。To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered.变得更加深谋远虑是受过磨难的人的特权。effectively （有效地）即ef+fect+

25、ive+ly，ef-前缀表“加强”，fect词根“做”，-ive形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀；去ly即为形容词effective。The most effective water power in the world womens tears.世界上最有效的水力女人的眼泪。effective communication 20 per cent what you know and 80 per cent how you feel about what you know 有效的交际20%你所了解的东西加80%你对所了解的东西的感受。难句解析：Your humor must be relevant t

26、o the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.该句是一个复杂单句，句子的主语是your humor，后面有两个平行的谓语must be和should help，它们后面分别有其宾语。其中should help后面的宾语是不定式to show，而它的宾语比较复杂，是两个并列的宾语从句：that you are one of them和tha

27、t you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view，中间用or连接。本句结构比较简明，只需注意show them后面是两个并列的宾语从句就可以了。后面的宾语从句中有个很有用的词组in sympathy with，表示同情、同意、赞同。If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are com

28、mon to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties.if引导了一个条件从句，而后面的主句是两个子句构成的并列句。在第一个子句you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you中又有一个定语从句which are

29、common to all of you来修饰the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的结构是一个it is adj. for sb. to do sth.的结构。要看懂本句，重点在于要把后面的两个子句断开，并分别理解。Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.该句是一个祈使句。谓语是include，宾语是remarks，后面有一个定语从句修饰它。注意该句的特性。另外注意off-the

30、-cuff的意思。Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.整句可以看成是由so连接的并列句，前后有一定的因果关系。前面的子句是一个强调结构，而后面又是一个祈使句，其谓语动词是speak和remember。而remember后面又是一个很长的宾语从句。要理

31、解前后的因果关系。试题解析：41. C此题较容易，区分度好。本题考的是局部信息。考生只要看懂了第一段第三句话“Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different”以及后面的supporting evidence，就能够准确地回答本题。42. B此题的难度合适，区分度不太理想。本题的关键是看学生是否理解第二段结尾StPeter的话。有42.8的考生选C项是因为没有理解StPeter的话，而把注意力放在了医生的所作所为上，即医生把新来的人推到一边，冲到队伍的最前面等等，因而给人一种他享有特权的印象。43. D此题的难度合适，区分度好。本题的关键是第三段的最后一句话，意思是：你去开邮局或电话系统（即public services