名词和代词教案语文.docx

1、名词和代词教案语文【2019年初三课程】小词“狂”练 名词和代词适用学科初中英语适用年级初中三年级适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）2课时知识点可数名词及其单复数; 不可数名词; 名词所有格；人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；指示代词；不定代词。教学目标知识：1.掌握名词在中考中的考点；2.掌握名词题的做题方法和技巧。3.掌握人称代词、指示代词、不定代词等的使用规则和方法。方法：1.综合讲解名词相关的语法，并结合考纲及中考命题特点，运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构解答问题。2.要理解和区分各种代词的使用规则，并能灵活运用。能力：掌握一些特殊名词的单复数变换及其所有格；能区别各种代词的使用方法，并且作对

2、代词相应的题目。教学重点名词单复数、名词所有格；不定代词的区别和正确使用；教学难点名词单复数、名词所有格；不定代词的区别和正确使用；教学过程一、课堂导入教师给出例句并让学生找出句中的名词。English is useful.Children are playing happily.She learns Chinese hard every day.Tom is my good friend.They chose the boy monitor.导入名词的定义：名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。二、复习预习1、教师引导学生复习上节课我爱记单词中的重点单词及识记技巧，并采用提问的方式将

3、上节课的重难点进行复习和巩固记忆；2、针对上节课的作业进行订正、讲评、答疑，将集中出错的地方进行分析和进一步讲解。三、知识讲解考点 1：名词分类，可数名词与不可数名词1名词的种类名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词分为可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词例如： 可数名词： a.个体名词 man , woman , desk , pencil b.集体名词 class , family , police , army 不可数名

4、词： a.物质名词 meat , rice , cotton , iron b.抽象名词 life ,help, happiness , sadness2 可数名词的数1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则 例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf

5、-leaves,thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-

6、heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos2. 不规则名词复数英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-fee

7、t, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works,fish, yuan, jin, series3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple,group,government, population, team, public, party6复

8、数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in

9、-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants3. 不可数名词的数不可数名词的认知A、各种物质的统称：bread面包，beer啤酒，cloth布，coffee咖啡 cream奶油 gold黄金B、抽象名词： advice忠告，beauty美丽， death死亡，experience经验， help帮助，hope希望， information消息信息，knowle

10、dge知识 work工作C、有些名词既可以是可数名词也是不可数名词：如：experience指某人的经历时是可数名词，指“经验”时不可数。He had an exciting experience last week上星期他有一次激动人心的经历。work指职业就业工作时是不可数名词：He is looking for worka job他在找一份工作。works（通常用复数形式）指文学或音乐作品： Shakespeares complete works莎士比亚全集不可数名词的数量表达法1. 不可数名词没有单复数之分，前面不能直接加a/an，词尾不能加s或es变复数。如: I like to s

11、kate on an ice. ()I like to skate on the ice. ()我喜欢在冰上溜滑。2. 不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量,可以借助单位词。如: three cups of tea三杯茶 a bowl of rice一碗米饭A bar of chocolate一大块巧克力3. some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of等词往往可以加在不可数名词的前面,修饰不可数名词。如: I dont want any help. 我不需要任何帮助。Theres some milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。考点2：名词的所有

12、格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1s所有格的构成单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house

13、表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJanes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJane and Marys father表示“某人家”“店铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2s所有格的用法表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan,the worlds population, C

14、hinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of 所有格的用法of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair, the cover of the b

15、ook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词the struggle of the oppressed4. 双重所有格 物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。例如：a friend of mine, each brother

16、 of his.考点3 代词的分类，人称代词和物主代词和反身代词1. 人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表。人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语 ，宾格一般用在动词、介词之后。数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一 （You, she/

17、 he and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先, (即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike.注：it 还有一些特别的用法。 1）用作形式主语,常用于 “Its +adj. +to do sth.”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that ”中. 3) 用在句型: “Its ones turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “Its time to do sth / for

18、 sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “Its +adj. +that 从句”中. 6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make/ think /feel/find + it + adj. (名词)+ to do sth. 2. 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人物和数的变化见下表。数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs1. 形容词性的物主代词

19、作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as _(they) . This is a friend of _(my).注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词） 2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 3. 反身代词 数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词I youhe/she/itweyo

20、uthey反身代词myselfyourself yourself/herself /himself ourselves yourselvesthemselves 记忆小窍门:（反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.）反身代词的常用搭配:enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learnby oneselfall by oneself help oneself to look after oneself leave sb. by oneself say to oneself for oneself dre

21、ss oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror考点4：it的用法（1）指代前面提过的事物 The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jessie. (2) 代替指示代词this或that。 -Whats that? -It is a pen. (3) 指代婴儿或不明身份的人 Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is. (4) 指代时间或季节 It is ten oclock. (5) 指代天气 -Whats the weat

22、her like today? -It is sunny. (6) 指代距离How far is it from your school to your home? (7) 常用于以下句型：It is + adj.+(for sb) to do sth.It is important for us to work hard.Its time to do /for/that.Its time to get up/for lunch/that we went home. It seems that.It seems that you are right.Its ones turn to do.It

23、s your turn to sing.Its + adj. +that .Its natural that they should have different views.(8) 作形式宾语Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in time? (9) 引导强调句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他 It is he who goes to school by bike every day.考点5：普通不定代词及复合不定代词1 初中阶段普通不定代词some, anyfew, littlenonemany, m

24、ucheither, neitheroneeach, everyboth, allother2普通不定代词用法 （1）some/any 相同点：some/any均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词 不同点：some一般用于肯定句，any用疑问句，否定句和条件句。 但在疑问句中当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议用some There arent any students in the classroom. Look! Some boys are playing football. Would you like some tea? 注意：something, anyt

25、hing等词的用法基本和some，any用法一致。(2) many/much How many bottles of water do you need? I dont have much money. (3) both/all/either/any/neither/none都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone注意：both.and.两者都 Both his father and his mother are teacher. neither.nor.两者都不Neither his father nor his mother is teacher.

26、either.or.或.或., 要么.要么. Either he or his brother goes to London.either/neither of + 名词（代词）的复数 + 谓语动词（第三人称单数） Neither of the books is good. either.or./neither.nor.连接两个主语时，采取就近原则。 Neither you nor he is wrong. （4）little/a little/few/a few代替复数名词代替不可少名词肯定a fewa little否定fewlittle -Would you please buy some

27、 salt for me?-There is little left.I recognized a few of other people.3 复合不定代词初中阶段复合不定代词somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything注意：形容词或else放复合不定代词后面He has something important to tell you. Can you find anyone else?考点6：几组易混的代词区分1other/the other/others

28、/the others/another不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只作定语the other两者中的另一个one.the other.others泛指别的人或物some.others.the others特指其余所有的人或物剩余的全部another任何一个，另一个三者或三者以上的任何一个 one the other只有两个some the others有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1） 泛指另一个用another。 2） 一定

29、范围内两人（物），一个用one，另一个用the other。3） 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one （another），第三个可用the other，a third。4） 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5） 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。I dont like this shirt. Would you like to show me _ one. Looking at the student. Some are cleaning the windows, _are sweeping