英语中从句的用法.docx

1、英语中从句的用法英语中从句的用法2007-09-0821:13网友采纳名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分实行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm

2、.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧(4)it过去分词从句Itis

3、reportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)(3)Ithappens,Itoccurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedinth

4、eexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)(4)Itdoesntmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesntmatter.(wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglik

5、ely?(wrong)4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如:1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句（that通常能够省略）,例如:Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如:1)Shedidnotk

6、nowwhathadhappened.2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如:She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware

7、, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也能够将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. It 能够作为形式宾语 It 不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get mar

8、ried next month. 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后能够用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不能够用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“

9、动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imag

10、ine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。） 三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。能够接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good

11、 preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，

12、例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1)

13、定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词实行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroa

14、d is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）还有相关网址http：/http：/提问者评价thanks评论(4)|93按默认排序|按时间排序其他6条回答2007-01-22 14：36my1sttry|五级名词性从句（在句中充当名词的作用），它分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，和同位语从句。引导词：词性/词形/词义/作从句中的成分连接词/if/是否/-连接词/that/-/-连接代词/who(ever)/（无论）谁主格/-连接代词/whom（ever）/（无论）是谁宾格/主，表连接代词/whose(ever)/（无论）谁的所有格/主

15、，宾连接代词/which(ever)/（无论）哪一个（些）/主，宾，表，定连接代词/what（ever)/（无论）什么，东西/主，宾，表，定连接副词/when/什么时间/状连接副词/where/什么地点/状连接副词/how/怎么，如何/状连接副词/why/为什么/状定语从句（在句中修饰名词，也叫先行词作用），它分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导词：词性/词形/先行词/充当从句成分关系代词/who/人/主，宾表关系代词/whose/人/宾关系代词/which/物/主，宾，表关系代词/that/人或物/主，宾，表关系代词/as/人或物/主，宾，表关系代词/whose(of whom 或 o

16、f which)/人或物/定关系副词/when(= in 等 + which)/时间词/状关系副词/where(= in 等 + which)/地点词/状关系副词/how/方式词/状关系副词/why(= for which)/reason/状关系副词/that在口语中可代替关系副词/-/状状语从句（在句中起状语的作用），它分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句，条件状语从句，共九种。提问者采纳|评论(2)|162012-02-21 11：00陈艳伟claire|七级英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直

17、接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the

18、 same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物

19、动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(仅仅）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good

20、 for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didnt think that the money was well spent. 3.表

21、语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that

22、there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，因为先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,pro

23、blem,report,decision.有时因为谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词能够是名词或代词，也能够是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定

24、语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who

25、live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that Ive he

26、ard from him. Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to

27、 put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说

28、明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 “介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written

29、by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Int

30、ernet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her li